On tap tieng anh 8

GRAMMMAR
A .TENSES:CÁC THÌ
I. Present simple tense( hiện tại đơn)
Form:
(+) S+V(s,es) + O
(-) S+ don’t/ doesn’t + V1 ( bare inf) + O do not = don’t does not = doesn’t
(?) Do/ Does + S+ V1 ( bare inf)+ O ?
Notes: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, seldom, every ( week, month, year,…..)
Example: We always play soccer at 4 p m She usually gets up late
We don’t always play soccer at 4 p m She doesn’t usually get up late
Do you / we always play soccer at 4 p m ? Does she usually get up late
II. Simple past tense( qúa khứ đơn)
Form:
(+) S +Ved / V2 + O
(-) S+ didn’t+ V1 ( bare inf) + O
(?) Did + S+ V1 ( bare inf)+ O ?
Notes: yesterday, last ( night, week, …..), ago, in 2001.
Example: Tuan visited Ha Noi ten year ago I met him in 1999
Tuan didn’t visit Ha Noi ten year ago I didn’t meet him in 1999
Did visit Ha Noi ten year ago ? Did you meet him in 1999 ?
III. Present perfect tense( thì hiện tại hòan thành))
Form:
(+) S + has/ have + V3 ( Ved / V3) + O
(-) S+ has not/ have not + V3 ( Ved / V3) + O has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t
(?) Has / Have + S + V3 ( Ved / V3)+ O ?
Notes: just, already, yet, never, so far, recently, lately, before, up to now, since, for.
Since + a point of time
For + a period of time
Example: We have bought a new computer already Nam has just done his homeworks
We have not bought a new computer yet Nam has not just done his homeworks
Have we bought a new computer yet? Has Nam just done his homeworks?
IV. Present future tense( thì tương lai đơn)
Form:
(+) S + will/ shall + V1 ( bare inf) + O
(-) S+ will not / shall not + V1 ( bare inf) + O will not = won’t shall not = shan’t
(?) Will / Shall + S+ V1 ( bare inf)+ O ?
Notes: tomorrow, next ( week, day, month, year….)
Example: We shall go to Hue next year
We shall not go to Hue next year
Shall we go to Hue next year ? Yes, we shall /No,We shan’t
v.present progressive tense(hiện tại tiếp diễn)
(+) S + am/is/ are +V-ing
(-) S +am/is/are +not +V-ing am not is not= isn’t are not = aren’t
(?) Am/Is /Are +S +V-ing..?
Notes: now , at the moment,
EX: He is playing soccer now.
He isn’t playing soccer now.
Is he playing soccer now ? Yes, he is / No ,He isn’t
VI.Past Progressive Tense( quá khứ tiếp diễn)
-hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
-Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài trong 1 khoảng thời gian xác định trong quá khứ
-1 hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì 1 hành động quá khứ khác xảy đến(when/ while)
-hai hay nhiều hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ(while)
(+) S + was/were +V-ing
(-) S + was / were +not +V-ing was not =wasn’t were not =weren’t
(?) Was /Were +S +V-ing..?
Notes: yesterday, last ( night, week, …..), ago, in 2001
EX: He was playing soccer .
He wasnn’t playing soccer .
Was he playing soccer ? Yes, he was / No ,He wasn’t
Chú ý đến while /when
Ex: Last night when I was doing homework,the electricity went out
Mrs Smith was invitingMrs Quyen to have dinner while Mrs Quyen was visitingthe USA
B.CÁC DẠNG CÂU
1/.Used to : đã từng(chỉ 1 thói quen trong quá khứ)
Used to + V1
Dạng phủ định của “Used to” là “did not use to” và nghi vấn là Did + S + use to….
Example: We used to play soccer in last summer
(-)We did not use to play soccer in last summer.
(?) Did you use to play soccer in last summer ?
Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of used to
a. I …………………………..(ride) my bike to school, but now I drive my motorbike.
b.What …………………………(eat) before you started your diet?
c.Tam……………………………(play) tennis after school every day, but now he doesn’t
d. What time……………………( go) to bed when you were a child?
e. I…………………………..(not drink ) coffee, but now I do.
f.Who………………………….(sit) next to you in class?
g. Mai…………………………..(shop) at the supermarket.
2/ V-ing ( Gerund)
V-ing thường theo sau các động từ sau: like, dislike, hate, love, enjoy, mind ( phiền), stop,finish, deny ( từ chối), practice, prefer …to( thích hơn)
-Dạng phủ định của V- ing là: not+ V-ing Ex: I enjoy getting up late I enjoy not getting up late
V-ing cũng theo sau một số cụm từ sau: give up , put off, carry on = go on = continue, keep, keep on.
Khi động từ đứng đầu câu làm chủ từ thường “V-ing”
To-inf thường theo sau một số động từ như: want, decided, forget.
Bare – inf: được dùng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết, sau “used to”, …..
3/Enough + to.V : S + BE+ ADJ +ENOUGH +TO.V………….
EX: He is strong .He can ride a bike
-.He is strong enough to ride a bike
.combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence, using (no) adjective + enough
a.John can reach the top of the board.He’s tall. ………………………………………………..
b.He ‘s strong .He can carry the box ……………………………………………………………
c. He was not patient. He couldn’t wait for you.==>………………………………………………
d. The grammar lesson is easy .All of us can understand it. ………………………………………
4/.So sánh
As…as: so sánh 2người hay 2 vật giống nhau về tính chất : S+v+ As+adj/adv +AS+…………..
EX: Nam is as old as Mai
Defferent form: so sánh sự khác nhau
the same (NOUN) as: giong như
5/ In Order To/ So As To (UNIT 9) dùng chỉ mục đích
(+) in order to + V(infinitive)
(-) in order not to + V (infinitive)
Ex: He’s saving money in order to go on holiday next summer.
V
In order not to miss the bus, She left early.
6/.Adjectives Followed By (unit 10) TÍNH TỪ theo sau bởi
1.an infinitive ( 1 động từ nguyên mẫu)
IT IS +Adj + to .V
EX:It’s hard to master a language
S + BE + ADJ +TO.V
EX:I’m very happy to see you again.
2.a noun clause( mệnh đề )
S +be +adj+ that -clause
EX: I’m sure that he will come
7/.-ed and –ing participles(unit 11)
1..Past participle(quá khứ phân từ)
V ed/3
EX: The toys made in china are cheap.
2/present participle(hiện tại phân từ)
V -ING
Ex: The man standing over there is my father.
8/ Requests With (unit11)yêu cầu
-Do you mind if I +V…..?
Would you mind if I +Ved/2…..?
Ex: Do you mind if I open the window?
Would you mind if I opened the window ?
-Would/do you mind + V-ing…?
Ex:Would/Do you mind opening the window?(=please open the window)
Would /Do you mind not smoking?
9/. Progressive tenses with “ALWAYS” tiếpdiễn với always(UNIT12)
Diển tả sự kiện thường xuyên xảy ra với sự không hài lòng hay than phiền
Ex: That worker was always coming to work late
10/Compound words(unit13)danh từ ghép
Noun + Gerund= Compound Noun
Ex: rice cooking = rice-cooking
11/Questions words before to-infinitives(unit14)
từ hỏi trước động từ nguyên mẫu có to
Ex: he can not decide what to do. Tell me how to improve the pronunciation
12/Verd + to infinitives(unit14):động từ + động từ nguyên mẫu có to
Ex: she wants to go home now. It started to rain
13/Present perfect with yet and already(unit15)hiện tại hoàn thành với yet và already
C. PASSIVE VOICE:THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG
1. công thức chung và cách đổi S V O
S Be + V3 by O
2. Cụ thể
a.. The passive voice in modal verbs: can, may, might, must :động từ khiếm khiết
S+ MODAL VERBS + V( inf) + O
S + MODAL VERBS +BE + V3 + (BY O)
Ex: They can’t make tea with cold water
Tea can’t be made with cold water
b) The passive voice in the past tense: thì qúa khứ đơn
S + was/ were + V3 +( by O)
Ex: Mary bought a new hat last month.
A new hat was bought last month by Mary
c. The passive voice in the simple presents:thì hiện tại đơn
S + is / am / are + V3 +( by O)
Ex: They make beds from wood
Beds are made from wood
d. The passive voice in simple future tense:thì tương lai đơn
S +WILL+ BE + V3 + (BY O)
Ex: They will build a new school in my village.
A new school will be built in my village.
e. The passive voice present perfect :thì hiện tại hoàn thành
S+HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V3 +BY O
Ex: My father has painted our house
Our house has been painted by my father
f.present progressive:thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
S +AM/IS/ARE+ BEING+ V3
EX:John is helping Tom -- Tom is being helped by John.
g /past progressive:thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
S + was/were being + V3
EX:John was helping Tom -- Tom was being helped by John.
h.be going to : S+ AM/IS/ARE + GOING TO BE +V3
EX:John is going to help Tom.
Tom is going to be helped by John.
NOTES( Chú ý): Khi câu chủ động chuyển sang bị động có 2 tân ngữ ta làm như sau
Đưa 1 trong 2 tân ngữ lên làm chủ từ
Nếu đưa tân ngữ chỉ vật lên làm chủ từ trong câu bị động thì cuối câu thường có chữ “ to” trước tân ngữ chỉ người
Example: My MOther gives me a new hat
O1 O2
 I am given a new hat by my mother
 A new hat is given to me by my mother
Exercises:Change these sentences into the passive form.
They speak English all over the world.
They didn’t give me the book.
They haven’t shown me how to do this yet.
She is washing her car.
Tom wrote a letter last night.
The police have interviewed him.
Someone has stolen the car.
You shouldn’t touch this button.
These young people always wear jeans.
We will appreciate your assistance.
D. REPORTED SPEECH( Câu gián tiếp)
- Lời nói trực tiếp đươc gọi là: Direct speech
- Lời nói gián tiếp đươc gọi là: indirect speech hoặc là Reported speech
CẤU TRÚC Direct speech :S + SAID TO +O, “…………………….”
Reported speech :S+ Told/Asked+ O+( NOT)+ TO .V……….
( told:dùng để ra lệnh/ asked:yêu cầu lịch sự)
EXAMPLES: I said to Peter, “ please open the window”
->I told peter to open the window
I said , “Don’t close the window please,Lan”
-> I asked Lan not to close the window
- Khi ta dùng câu gián tiếp động từ chính thường ở thì QK Đơn hoặc lùi về 1 thì
- Nếu câu trực tiếp động từ ở thì QKĐ thì có thể được giữ nguyên QKĐ hoặc lùi về thì quá khứ hòan thành ( S + had + V 3))
+ Cách đổi:  đối với câu khẳng định : -Đổi ngôi (chủ từ), động từ, trạng từ ( nếu có)
- Động từ luôn2 lùi 1 thì
 đối với câu hỏi: - Phải mượn if/ whether đối với câu không có từ hỏi
- Từ hỏi được dùng lại trong câu gián tiếp đối với câu hỏi có từ hỏi
-Đổi ngôi (chủ từ), động từ, trạng từ ( nếu có)
- Động từ luôn2 lùi 1 thì
Directed Speech Reported speech
Tenses Present simple
Present perfect
Present progressive
Simple future
Simple past
Must
Have to
Should
Ought to
Can
May Past simple
Past perfect
Past progressive
Would + V(inf)
Past perfect
Had to
Had to
Should
Ought to
Could
Might
Time Now
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Next week Then
That day
That night
The next day/ the following day
The next week/ the following week
Places Here
There There
There