Grammar

GERUNDS OR TO – INFINITIVES.
* GERUNDS: V –ING
1. Danh động từ làm chủ từ:
Ex 1 : Going to the cinema is fun.
Ex2 : Behaving like is not good.
Ex 3 : Thinking carefully helps us do things well
=> V-ing + V+ Adj =It is + adj + to-infinitive
Ex: Going to the cinema is fun = It is fun to go to the cinema
2. Danh động từ đứng sau giới từ : I am interested in reading
To look forward to , to insist on, be keen on , be surprised of , be interested in , be fond of , be afraid of , get used to, to succeed in, think about(of), dream of, (dis)approve of, decide against, apologize for,
3. Danh động từ làm tân ngữ sau 1 số động từ: He likes swimming
Một số động từ theo sau là danh động từ : acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help , can’t bear, can’t stand, celebrate, consider, deny, detest, discontinue, discuss, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, explain, finish, forgive, give up (stop), imagine, justify, keep (continue) , mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, prevent, prohibit, propose, quit, recall, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, support, tolerate, understand, …..
4. Danh động từ theo sau các thành ngữ:
-It’s no use : It’s no use trying to persuade me
- to be busy: I am busy doing my homework
- to be worth : A book is worth reading
- there’s no point in…: There was no point in waiting so we went
-(have) difficulty/trouble…: I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing the exam
- a waste of money/time : It’s a waste of time reading that book . It’s trash
- spend/ waste( time) : I spend hours trying to repair the clock.
- ta dùng go + v-ing trong 1 số thành ngữ chỉ 1 số hoạt động (đặc biệt thể thao): go shopping, go swimming, go skiing, go fishing, go climbing, go sailing, go riding, go sightseeing
Ex: I have to go shopping this morning
5. Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu(my, his, her, their,…) hoặc danh từ ở hình thức sở hữu cách
Ex 1 : He dislikes her shouting at him
Ex2 : His father’s continuing to work past retirement age didn’t surprise me
* TO – INFINITIVES:
1.Phần lớn các động khi theo sau 1 động từ khác đều ở dạng to – infinitive
a. Main Verb + TO infinitive:( agre, refuse, promise, threaten, offer, attempt, manage, fail, decide, plan, arange, hope, appear, seem, pretend, afford) We hope to see you again
b. V + object + to – infinitive: (want, ask, expect, help, would, would prefer, persuade, teach, tell, order, remind, warn, force, invite, enable, get)He asked me to go with him
c. S + V + too + Adj / Adv + (for + O ) + to – infinitive
d. S + V + enough + Noun + for + to – infinitive
e. S + V + Adj/ Adv + enough + for + O + to - infinitive
2. Dùng động từ nguyên mẫu để đưa ra mục đích:
Ex 1 :She keeps a knife to protect herself from danger
Ex2: He gave her money to help her finish her study
3. Sau cấu trúc với THE FIRST/ SECOND/ LAST/ BEST hoặc ở dạng so sánh nhất với từ one:
I was the first guest to arrive there
* INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”
- can, may, must, shall, will , might + V
Ex1: She can walk 10 km a day
- S + needn’t / daren’t + V
- Need/ Dare + S + V…?
Ex2: I dare not go out at night.
-Let, make + O + V
Ex3: Don’t let me call your parents
- Would rather, had better, help + V
Ex5: I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.
- nothing to do, anything to do, everything to do + but, except + V
Ex6: There’s nothing to do but wait
* GERUNDS OR INFINITIVES
1. Remember, forget, regret + V-ing : diễn tả 1 việc đã xảy ra, 1 việc thuộc về quá khứ :
I remember locking the door before I went to bed
Remember, forget, regret + to – inf: diễn tả 1 mục đích, 1 dự tính trong tương lai:
I remember to lock the door
2. permit, allow, advise, recommend + O + to – inf