Unit 5. Study habits . Reported speech

Unit 9 :REPORTED SPEECH

INTRODUCTION
Reported speech is how later we report this , making changes to the speakers origionally used.
Uses : describe words or thoughts of the speaker in our own language by using the reporting verbs, change the words or verb tenses.
Ex : She said that she was very tired.
PRONOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS
First person pronouns and adjectives are changed to third person
Ex : She said “I missed my train”
-> She said that she had missed her train
Ex : I said “ I lost my job”
-> I said that I had lost my job
2. Change time , place expressions and the specified words
2. Change time , place expressions and the specified words
TENSES
TENSES
Ex : “ I love you “ he said to her
-> He told her that he loved her
Ex : “ Be quiet ! I’m talking on the phone”
-> She told us to be quiet when she was talking on the phone
Ex : “ I can swim “ he said to his friend
-> He said to his friend that he could swim
TENSES
Form that do not need to change
Verb in the past perfect
Ex : “ I had studied English for 3 years” she said to her friend
-> She said to her friend that she had studied E for 3 years
Past modal : could , should , would , might , ought to , had to , used to
Ex : He said “ They might win the game”
-> He said to me that they might win the game
Form that do not need to change
reported one thing is true or still true in the present moment
Ex : My teacher said “ Russia is the biggest country in the world”
-> My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in the world
Reporting verbs (say , ask , tell..) in the simple present
Ex: She says “ They have been to the USA twice”
-> She says that they have been to the USA twice
Types of reported speech
Statement
Form : say + (to O )
tell + O
+ (that) + S + V
Ex : She said “ I’m happy to see you again”
(say) -> She said to me (that) she was happy to see me again
(tell) -> She told me (that) she was happy to see me again
2. Yes/no question
Form : ask + (O) + if/whether + S +V
Ex : She asked “ Are you a teacher?”
-> She asked him if I was a teacher
Ex : She asked him “ Do you want to go out or stay at home? “
-> She asked him whether he wanted to go out or stay at home
Types of reported speech
3. Wh- question
Form : ask + (O) + Wh – question + S + V
Ex : She asked “ What is his job ?”
-> She asked what his job was
Ex : They asked me “ Where do you do?”
-> They asked me where I went
Types of reported speech
4. Commands , requests, orders
Verbs : tell , ask , order , beg, …
Form : tell / ask / order / beg + (O) + (not) + TO V
Ex : She said “ Close the door and go away “
-> She told me to close the door and go away
Ex : He said to his sister “ Don’t turn off the radio”
-> He told his sister not to turn off the radio
Types of reported speech
5. Reported speech with special verbs
Ex : She said “ I’m sorry that I didn’t come to your party last night”
-> She apologized to me for not coming to my party the previous night
Ex: “ I’ll come on time” said he
-> He promised to come on time
Types of reported speech
5.1 V + to V
Some V : agree claim
demand want
promise refuse
threaten offer
Ex : She said “ OK ! I’ll work with him “
-> She agreed to work with him
Ex : “ I won’t go to the party “ said he
-> He refused to go to the party
5. Reported speech with special verbs
Types of reported speech
5.2 V + O + (not) + to V
Some verbs :
advise encourage order
allow invite recommend
beg permit request
command remind warn
forbid urge
Ex :” You can use my bike today”
-> He allowed me to use his bike that day
Ex :” You should ask a lawyer
-> She advised me to ask a lawyer
5.3 V + Gerund
Some verbs :
Admit deny
Recommend suggest
Allow propose
Regret
Ex : “Please do not smoke here”
-> They don’t allow smoking here
Ex : “These books should be banned”
-> He proposed banning those books
5.4 V + pre + Gerund/N
Some verbs :
Accuse s.b of insist on
Apologize (to s.b) for object to
Complain about prohibit (s.b) from
Congratulate s.b on thank sb for
Inform s.b about
Ex :”We must pay for the damage”
-> They insist on paying for the damage
Ex :”You’re always making noise”
-> She complained about my making noise