Ngữ pháp và bài tập câu gián tiếp

Trực tiếp - Gián tiếp
(Trong tiếng Anh)

Chuyển đổi từ một câu trực tiếp sang một câu gián tiếp.

_Khi chuyển ta cần chú ý đến một số thay đổi sau:
+ Trạng từ;trạng ngữ;thời:

Here
There
This/These + N(tg)
That/Those + N(tg)

Now
Then
This/These + N(#)
The + N(#) hoặc
That/Those + N(#)

Today
That day
This/These (pro)
It/They/them

Tonight
That night
Will
Would

Tomorrow
The next day/
The following day
Can
Could

The day after tomorrow
In two days’ time
May
Might

Next week/month...
The following week/month...
Must
Had to

Ago
Before
Should
Should

Yesterday
The day before/
The previous day
Had better
Had better

The day before yesterday
Two days before
Ought to
Ought to

Last week/month...
The previous week/month...
Used to
Used to

Last night
The night before



Eg:
“I phoned him this morning,” she said
She said that she had phoned him that morning
“I like this cake” he said
He said that he liked the/that cake
“We will discuss this tomorrow,” he said
He said that they would discuss it the next day
“You had better work harder,” She said
She said that I had better work harder
She advised me to work harder
* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn có thể không đổi hoặc đổi sang một dạng hoàn toàn khác tuỳ thuộc vào tình huống
Eg:- “I will visit her tomorrow,” He said
He said that he would visit her tomorrow (Cả câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp cùng đc nói trong một ngày)
- “I have lived here for 5 years” He said
He said that he had lived here for 5 years (Cả câu TT và GT cùng đc nói tại một địa điểm)
He said that he had lived in Yen Cuong for 5 years (Người nói muốn cụ thể hơn địa điểm này)
* Ngoài ra, ta còn có thể thay đổi những từ ngữ khác tuỳ thuộc vào tình huống
Eg:A nói với B: “I hate your friends,”
B kể lại cho bạn của mình: He said that he hated you
- Những thay đổi về thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp
HTĐG
“I live here” he said
QKĐG
He said he lived there

HTTD
“I am watching TV” he said
QKTD
He said he was watching TV

HTHT
“I have known her” he said
QKHT
He said he had known her

QKĐG
“Ann arrived on Monday” she said
QKHT/QKĐG
She said Ann (had) arrived on Monday

QKTD
“I was cleaning my house all day yesterday” he said
QKHTTD/QKTD
He said he had been cleaning the house all day

Will/Shall
Would

- Thì của MĐ sau wish, câu đk loại II , đk loại III không đổi
Eg: - “We wish we didn’t have to take exams,” said the children
The children said that they wished they didn’t have to take exams
- “If I had much money, I would visit Thailand,” said he
He said that if he had much money, he would visit Thailand

+ Một số loại câu:

* Câu khẳng định hoặc phủ định thì ta chuyển bình thường, đổi thời,trạng ngữ,chủ ngữ cho hợp với tình huống,nếu không thuộc những trường hợp đặc biệt.
ví dụ:
1. “I must go now,” He said.
_He said (that) he had to go then.
2. “I am from China,” She said.
_She said (that) she was from China.
* Câu hỏi dạng đảo : sử dụng mẫu,

S +