LY THUYET VE NGU PHAP VA BAI TAP VE THI QUA KHU HOAN THANH TIEP DIEN

Past Perfect continous
We use the verb had and the past participle for the past perfect:
I had finished the work. She had gone .
The past perfect continuous is formed with had been and the -ing form of the verb:
I had been finishing the work She had been going.
The past perfect is used in the same way as the present perfect, but it refers to a time in the past, not the present.
We use the past perfect tense:
for something that started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past:
When George died he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years. She didn’t want to move. She had lived in Liverpool all her life.
We normally use the past perfect continuous for this:
She didn’t want to move. She had been living in Liverpool all her life. Everything was wet. It had been raining for hours.
for something we had done several times up to a point in the past and continued to do after that point:
He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager. He had written three books and he was working on another one. I had been watching the programme every week, but I missed the last episode.
We often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:
They had been staying with us since the previous week. I was sorry when the factory closed. I had worked there since I left school. I had been watching that programme every week since it started, but I missed the last episode.
when we are reporting our experience and including up to the (then) present:
My eighteenth birthday was the worst day I had ever had. I was pleased to meet George. I hadn’t met him before, even though I had met his wife several times.
for something that happened in the past but is important at the time of reporting:
I couldn’t get into the house. I had lost my keys. Teresa wasn’t at home. She had gone shopping.
We use the past perfect to talk about the past in conditions, hypotheses and wishes:
I would have helped him if he had asked. It was very dangerous. What if you had got lost? I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.

Hãy  xem xét ví dụ sau:
 
            Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shinning but the ground was very wet.
 
            Sáng nay tôi thức dậy và nhìn ra ngoài cửa sổ. Mặt trời đang chiếu sáng nhưng mặt đất thì rất ẩm ướt.
 
            It has been raining
 
            Trước đó trời đã mưa
 
Lúc tôi nhìn ra ngoài cửa sổ thì trời không mưa; mặt trời lúc đó đang chiếu sáng. Nhưng trời đã mưa trước đó. Đó là lý do tại sao mặt đất lại ẩm ướt.
 
Had been-ing là thì past perfect continuous
 
Hãy xem thêm một số ví dụ sau:
 
When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had black eye. They’d been fight.
 
            Khi bọn trẻ về tới nhà, quần áo chúng dơ bẩn, tóc tai rối bù và mắt một đứa bị tím bầm. Chúng đã đánh nhau.
 
I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day.
 
            Khi trở về nhà tôi đã rất mệt. Tôi đã làm việc vất vả cả ngày.
 
B          Bạn có thể dùng thì past perfect continuous để diễn tả sự việc nào đó đã diễn ra (had been happening) một trong khoảng thời gian trước khi một sự việc khác xảy ra:
 
Our game of tennis was interrupted. We’d been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain very heavily.
 
            Trận đấu quần vợt của chúng tôi đã bị ngưng lại. Chúng tôi đã chơi được nửa giờ trước khi trời bắt đầu đổ mưa rất lớn.
 
Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He’d been smoking for 30 years.
 
            Ken đã bỏ thuốc lá hai năm rồi. Trước đó anh ấy đã hút thuốc suốt 30 năm.
 
C          Thì past perfect continuous (Had been -ing) là dạng quá khứ của thì present continuous.
I hope the bus comes soon. I’ve been waiting for 20 minutes. (before now).
 
            Tôi hy vọng là xe buýt sẽ tới sớm. Tôi đã chờ 20 phút rồi (trước lúc này).
 
At last the bus came. I’d been waiting for minutes.
 
            Cuối cùng xe buýt cũng đã tới. Tôi đã chờ trước đó hơn 20 phút rồi.
 
He’s out of breath. He has been running.
 
            Anh ấy đang thở