Lop 9 (p)

Clauses and phrases
(các loại mệnh đề và cụm từ)

Conditional sentences (câu điều kiện)
1. Real conditional sentences / type I (câu đièu kiẹn có thật)
Future possible (hành động có thể xay ra trong tương lai)
IF + SUB1 +V1(hiện tại đơn) , SUB2 + WILL / CAN / MAY / MUST +V.......
Ex: If I have money, I will buy a new car.
If it isn’t rainy, we can play soccer.
If you have enough time, you must do your homework. ........
Habitual (thói quen – hay còn gọi là câu điêu kiện không)
IF + SUB1 + V1(hiện tại đơn) , SUB2 + V2(hiện tại đơn)........
Ex: Lan usually walks to school if she has enough time.
If he has money, he plays computer games.
Command (câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu)
IF + SUB1 + V1(hiện tại đơn) + COMMAND (câu mênh lệnh)
Ex: If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear from Mai. ..........................
2. Present unreal conditional sentences/ type II (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
IF +SUB1 + V1(quá khứ đơn / were) , SUB2 + WOULD/ COULD/ MIGHT + V..
Ex: If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
If she didn’t speak so quickly, I could understand her.
I could go out tonight if I didn’t have to study.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
She would tell you about it if she were here.
If today were Saturday, we could go to the zoo.
Note: Có thể dùng đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại này, nhưng chỉ với WERE
Ex: If I were strong, I could lift the table.
( Were I strong, I could lift the table.
If he were at school today, he would tell me about that.
( Were he at school today, he would tell m e about that
3. Past unreal conditional sentences / type III (câu điền kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
IF +SUB1 +V1(quá khứ hoàn) , SUB2 + WOULD/ COULD/ MIGHT +(hiện tại hoàn)
Ex: If I hadn’t lost my way, I would have arrived sooner.
He would have sold the house if he had found the right buyer.
If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter.
If it hadn’t been rainy yesterday, we might have played football. Note: Có thể dùng thuật đảo ngữ vơi câu điêu kiện loại này
Ex: If he had found the right buyer, he would have sold the house.
( Had he found the right buyer, he would have sold the house.
If I had had enough money, I could have traveled around the world.
( Had I had enough money, I could have traveled around the world.
4. Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta có thể thay liên từ IF bằng UNLESS (nếu.. không/ trừ khi..
IF (+) , (+) / (-)
( ( (
( UNLESS (+) , (-) / (+)
IF (-) , (+) / (-)
( ( (
( UNLESS (+) , (+) / (-)
Ex: If it is warm, we will go swimming ( Unless it is warm, we will not go swimming.
If it warm, we will not go swimming.
Unless it is warm, we will not go .....
If she learn well, she pass the exam.
( Unless she learns well, she pass the exam.
If he has money, he will buy......
Unless he has money, he buy.....
5. Có thể dùng các từ nối sau thay cho IF trong câu điều kiện (không có if )
provided (that) , on condition (that) , as long as , so long as , (miễn là, với điều kiện là)
suppose , supposing (gỉa sử như) , in case (trong trường hợp) , even if (ngay cả khi,cho) without , when......
Ex: In case I forget, please