Lecture 4 - English Consonants (Part 2

`INglIS `k{ns±n±nts

3 stages of plosives
Closing stage: articulating organs move
together to form obstruction
2. Compression stage: air compressed
behind closure
3. Release stage: compressed air
escapes abruptly
[baIleIbI«l ˈpl«UsIvz]
/b, p/
[baIleIbI«l ˈpl«UsIvz]
/ b, p /
[baIlebI«l ˈpl«UsIvz]
/b/
vest best vest
cups cubs cups
covered cupboard covered
buy bird bread
rubber about able
job web globe
Bernie brought a big breakfast back to bed.
[baIleIbI«l ˈpl«UsIvz]
/p/
full pull full
cubs cups cubs
coffee copy coffee
park please price
open apple spring
tape help jump
Pat put purple paint in the pool.
[Qlvi«Ul« ˈpl«UsIvz]
/d,t/
[Qlvi«Ul« ˈpl«UsIvz]
/d,t/
[Qlvi«Ul« ˈpl«UsIvz]
/d/
town down town
they day they
page paid page
wrote road wrote
dog dead dream
address advice sudden
third food mind
David’s daughter didn’t dance but David’s dad did.
[Qlvi«Ul« ˈpl«UsIvz]
/t/
die tie die
hard heart hard
three tree three
each eat each
talk Thomas train twelve
butter until hated
night worked west
Betty bought a tub of butter.
[ˈviù l« ˈpl«UsIvz]
/g, k/
[ˈv iù l« ˈ pl«UsIvz]
/g, k/
[ˈv iù l« ˈ pl«UsIvz]
/g/
Kate gate Kate
back bag back
wood good wood
loch log loch
ghost guess green
bigger ago angry
dog egg league
Grandma gave the guests eggs and frog’s legs.
[ˈviù l« ˈpl«UsIvz]
/k/
gap cap gap
dogs docks dogs
missed mixed missed
water quarter water
keep club quick
school soccer taxi
milk comic ache
The king cooked the carrots and the queen cut the cake.
`frik±tivz
[ leIbI«Uˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
/f,v/
[ leIbI«Uˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
/f, v/
[ leIbI«Uˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
/f/
view few view
leave leaf leave
three free three
copy coffee copy
photo fly freeze
offer selfish gift
knife stuff laugh
Frank found four frogs laughing on the floor.
[ leIbI«Uˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
/v/
ferry very ferry
best vest best
wet vet wet
than van than
Vera drove to Venice in a van.
visa vote voice
river wives loved
wave twelve of
[ˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
/, /
[ˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
/, /
[ˈdentl ˈfrIk«tIvz]
//
sick thick sick
boat both boat
free three free
thank think thought
healthy birthday maths
earth length fourth
Martha Smith’s an author and an athlete.
[ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/ /
breed breathe breed
den then den
van than van
these though they
other weather clothes
breathe with sunbathe
My father and mother live together with my other brother.
[ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/,/
[ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/, /
[ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
//
zoo Sue zoo
rise rice rise
shave save shave
thing sing thing
It’s six or seven years since Sydney’s sister sang that song.
sad city science scream
glasses concert lost
bus place class
[ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/z/
Sue zoo Sue
place plays place
breathe breeze breathe
beige bays beige
Zebras in zoos are like dolphins in pools.
zoo zero lazy easy scissors exact size wise times
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/,/
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/,/
Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound. Notice that there is no voice from the throat when you produce //. If you add voice from the throat, you get the sound // as in television, but this sound is not common in English.
[ælvi`±Ul± `frIk±tIvz]
/ /
sort short sort
suit shoot suit
catch cash catch
choose shoes choose
Sharon shouldn’t wash her shoes in the shower.
should shirt sugar fashion nation ocean wish push English
[`gl{tl `frIk±tIvz]
//
[`gl{tl `frIk±tIvz]
//
old hold old
art heart art
force horse force
sheet heat sheet
Harry had a habit of helping hitch-hikers.
hair head who perhaps ahead behave
`æfrik±ts
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± `æfrIk±ts]
/,/
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± `æfrIk±ts]
/,/
With // there is no voice from the throat, with // there is.
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± `æfrIk±ts]
//
cheap jeep cheap
tune June tune
use juice use
draw jaw draw
Ginger spilt orange juice on George’s jacket.
job general June danger agenda object
edge age village
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± `æfrIk±ts]
//
jeep cheap jeep
share chair share
trips chips trips
what’s watch what’s
Which child put chalk on the teacher’s chair?
chair cheese chicken kitchen future question
rich which March
`neizlz
[baI`leIbI±l `neIzl]
/m/
[baI`leIbI±l `neIzl]
/m/
[baI`leIbI±l `neIzl]
/m/
[ælvi`±Ul± `neIzl]
/n/
[ælvi`±Ul± `neIzl]
/n/
[ælvi`±Ul± `neIzl]
/n/
[`vi:l± `neIzl]
//
[`vi:l± `neIzl]
//
[`vi:l± `neIzl]
//
`læt±r±l
[`læt±r±l]
//
[`læt±r±l]
//
[`læt±r±l]
//
±`prÎksim±nts
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± ±`pr{ksIm±nt]
/r/
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± ±`pr{ksIm±nt]
/r/
[`pæl±t±U ælvi`±Ul± ±`pr{ksIm±nt]
/r/
[baI`leIbI±l ±`pr{ksIm±nt]
/w/
[baI`leIbI±l ±`prÎksIm±nt]
/w/
[`pæl±tl ±`pr{ksIm±nt]
/j/
[`pæl±tl ±`pr{ksIm±nt]
/j/