INVERSIONS (Đảo ngữ) HSG

INVERSION
Inversion is used to give emphasis or to be rhetorical in more formal situations, in political speeches, on the news, and also in literature.  Some native speakers may also use them occasionally in day-to-day conversation.  Inversion involves putting an auxiliary verb before the subject of a clause.
ADV + AUXILIARY VERB + S + V




1. Khi đứng đầu câu là Here, There thì :
( Nếu S là N : Here / There + V + N
Eg : The bus comes here. ( Here comes the bus.
( Nếu S là Pronoun ( không đảo ngữ
Eg : Here he comes.

2. Đảo ngữ với “No” và “Not” :
No + N
+ Inversion
Not any + N


Eg : No money will I give you from now on.


Eg : Not any money will I give you from now on.


3. Đảo ngữ dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất : Never, Rarely, Seldom, ….
Dùng chủ yếu với thì HTHT : ADV + HAS/HAVE + S + PII
Eg : She has rarely been asked that question. ( Rarely has she been asked that question.
They have seldom left their town. ( Seldom have they left their town.

4. Phép đảo ngữ đề cập 1 sự kiện liền sau sự kiện khác :

Hardly
Barely + had + S + PII + when + Clause (Simple past)
Scarcely Vừa mới … thì

No sooner + had + S + PII + than + Clause (Simple past)



Eg : As soon as the train had left when there was an explosion. ( No sooner had the train left than there was an explosion.
No sooner had she graduated from the university than she got married.

5. Phép đảo ngữ thực hiện với các trạng từ thời gian có “ONLY” đứng đầu câu :
ONLY AFTER + N/Ving/clause  +  Vaux + S + V : Chỉ sau khi Only after lunch can you play. (You can play only after lunch.) Only after finishing your homework can you play. (You can play only after finishing your homework.) Only after you have finished your homework can you play. (You can play only after you have finished your homework.) ONLY BY + N/Ving + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách Only by guessing can you solve this puzzle. (You can solve this puzzle only by guessing.) ONLY IF clause + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ khi, nếu Only if everybody agreed would I accept this position. (I would accept this position only if everybody agreed.)  ONLY IN THIS/THAT WAY + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách này/đó Only in this way does this machine work. (This machine works only in this way.) ONLY THEN + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ đến lúc đó Only then did they discover his secret. (They discovered his secret only then.) ONLY WHEN + clause + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ đến khi Only when he needed some help did he call me. (He called me only when he needed help.) Only when I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken. (I noticed that my glass was broken only when I filled it.) ONLY WHEN có thể được thay thế bằng NOT UNTIL Not until I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken. (I didn’t notice that my glass was broken until I filled it.) Nếu đằng sau ONLY là chủ ngữ nằm ở đầu câu thì không có đảo ngữ. Ví dụ Only you can understand. (no one else can understand)6. Phép đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định :
In / Under no circumstances : Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
In no way : Không sao có thể 
For no reason at all
On no account : Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
At no time
No where
By no means : Hoàn toàn không
ADV + AUXILIARY VERB (Khẳng định ) + S + V



Eg : You shouldn’t phone the police under any circumstances. ( Under no circumstances should you phone the police.
You must touch this button at any time. ( At not time must you touch this button.
You won’t see such a beautiful girl any where. ( No where will you see such a beautiful girl.
For no reason at all did the murderer kill Mr. John .
In no way could I