He thong hoa Kien thuc Tieng 9

I. TENSES (THÌ)

Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện Tại đơn)
SIMPLE PAST
(Quá Khứ đơn)

Khẳng định
S + V[-s/es]
S + V-ed/2

Phủ định
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
S + didn’t + V(inf)

Nghi vấn
Do / Does + S + V(inf) …?
Did + S + V(inf) …?

Bị động
…am / is / are + V-ed/3…
…was / were + V-ed/3…

Nhận biết
- always, usually, occasionally, often, …
- every : every day, every year…
- once…, twice…, 3 times…
- yesterday
- last : last week, last Sunday…
- ago : two months ago, five years ago…
- in the past


Thì
Dạng
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Hiện Tại tiếp diễn)
PAST CONTINUOUS
(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)

Khẳng định
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + was / were + V-ing

Phủ định
S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing
S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing

Nghi vấn
Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …?
Was / Were + S + V-ing …?

Bị động
…am / is / are + being + V-ed/3…
…was / were + being + V-ed/3…

Nhận biết
- now, at present
- at the / this moment
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
Keep silent! The baby is sleeping
- At that moment
- When / As + (simple past):
When I came, she was crying.
- While :
A dog crossed the road while I was driving.


Thì
Dạng
PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện Tại hoàn thành)
PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)

Khẳng định
S + has / have + V-ed/3
S + had + V-ed/3

Phủ định
S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/3
S + hadn’t + V-ed/3

Nghi vấn
Has / Have + S + V-ed/3 …?
Had + S + V-ed/3…?

Bị động
…has / have + been + V-ed/3…
…had been + V-ed/3…

Nhận biết
- just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now
- after + (past perfect), (simple past)
- before + (simple past), (past perfect)


Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương Lai đơn)
FUTURE PERFECT
(Tương Lai hoàn thành)

Khẳng định
S + will + V (inf)
S + will have+ V-ed/3

Phủ định
S + won’t + V (inf)
S + won’t have + V-ed/3

Nghi vấn
Will + S + V (inf)…?
Will + S + have + V-ed/3…?

Bị động
…will be + V-ed/3…
…will be + V-ed/3…

Nhận biết
- tomorrow
- next… : next week, next Monday
- in the future
- by the end of this month
- by + (simple present)


Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V):

* S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
* Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present
* (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student.
* S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report.
* Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money.
* Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room.

II. COMPARISONS (CÁC HÌNH THỨC SO SÁNH)

Adv / Adj
Comparative (So sánh hơn