Đề cương ôn thi

HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8
A.Các dạng câu thường gặp:
1.Câu bị động đặc biệt:
1.Câu bị động với think/believe/say…:
a, +,CĐ: S (People, They,…..) + say/think/believe…+ that +………
+,BĐ: S + is/am/are + said/thought/believed…+ to V…………
It + is/am/are + said/thought/believed… that +………… b, +,CĐ: S (People,They,…..) + said/thought/believed…+ that….
+,BĐ: S + was/were + said/thought/believed…+ to have + V(pII)
: It + was/were+ said/thought/believed… that +…………
Eg: - People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
=> 13 is belived to be an unlucky number.
=> It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
- They thought that Mai had gone away.
=> Mai was thought to have gone away.
=> It was thought that Mai had gone away.
2.Câu bị động với “have”:
+ CĐ: S + have/has/had + sb + V + st+ …….
+ BĐ: S + have/has/had + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...
Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
=> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
3.Câu bị động với “get”:
+,CĐ: S + get/gets/got + sb + to V + st +…….
+,BĐ: S + get/gets/got + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...
Eg: I got him to repair my car last week.
=> I got my car repaired last week.
4.Câu bị động với “make”:
+,CĐ: S + make/made + sb + V + st +……
+,BĐ: S (sb) + is/are//was/were made + to V+ st +…… Eg:The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day.
=> Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day.
5.Need:
+, CĐ: S + need + to V+ st +……..
+, BĐ: S (st)+ need + to be V(pII).
S (st)+ need+ V-ing.
Eg:You need to cut your hair.
=>Your hair need to be cut.
=> Your hair need cutting.
2.Câu trực tiếp,gián tiếp:
I.Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:
1.Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:
- Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng:
“(Don’t) + V +…..+ (please)”
“Will/Would/Can/Could + S + (not) +……+ (please)?”
“Would you mind + (not) + V-ing +…..?”
=>S + told/asked/warned (cảnh báo)/begged (cầu xin)/ordered (ra lệnh)/reminded (nhắc nhở)+ O + (not) toV…
Eg:- “Listen carefully” The teacher said to us.
=>The teacher told/asked us to listen carefully.
-“Don’t make noise,Jim” The perfect said.
=>The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise.
-“Would you mind putting out your cigarette?”-said a woman.
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigatette.
*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật “asked” có dạng:
-“I’d like+……..”
-“Can/Could I have+……..”
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:
S+asked(+O)+for+st+…..
Eg: In the café,the man said: “I’d like a cup of tea”.
=>The man asked for a cup of tea.
2.Lời khuyên:
-Lời khuyên có các dạng:
“S+should(not)/ought (not) to/had better(not)+V+……..”
“Why don’t you+V+…….”
“If I were you, I would+V+…….”
=>S1+said+(to+O)+that+S2+should+V+…….
=>S+advised/encouraged(khuyến khích)+ O+to V+…….
Eg:-“You should run faster” The teacher said.
=>The teacher said that I should run faster.
=>The teacher advised me to run faster.
-“Why don’t you take off your coat?”She said.
=>She advised