Đề cương E8 HKII(ok)

Unit 9
Purpose phrase: in order to, so as to, to
To express the purpose, we use the following phrases:
In order to (để)
So as to (để) + Bare infinitive
To (để)
For example.
He came here in order to study English.
He came here so as to study English.
He came here to study English.
He came here so that he studied English.
He came here for English.

For + a noun
So that + clause
Incorrect: He came here for studying English.
Incorrect: He came here for to study English.
Incorrect: He came here for study English.
Future simple
We use the future simple to predict events in the future.
For example.
Nottingham will win on Saturday.
It will rain tomorrow.
Will house prices rise again next year ?
I don’t know if I shall see you next week.
We use the future simple to promise.
I shall buy you a bike for your birthday.
We use the future simple to suggest.
Shall we go swimming tomorrow ?
( S + WILL/SHALL + BARE INFINITIVE )
Some future adverbs in this tense.
- Next (kế tiếp) + N (time)
Next month
Next year, she will go to the China.
- In (trong) + ( a period of time)
In 20 minutes (trong 20 phút nữa)
I shall sleep in 20 minutes.
In 10 days (trong 10 ngày nữa)
- Tomorrow (ngày mai)
Tomorrow morning
Tomorrow afternoon.
We shall go for a picnic tomorrow afternoon.

Unit 10
Passive form (dạng bị động).
We use the passive voice to emphasize the agent causing actions.
Active: S + V + O

Passive: S + BE + V3 / ed + by O

Active: Mary helped the boy


Passive: The boy was helped by Mary.

The passive form in the tenses.
Active Passive
Simple present: Mary helps John
John is helped by Mary.
Present progressive: Mary is helping John
John is being helped by Mary.
Present perfect: Mary has helped John
John has been helped by Mary.
Simple past: Mary helped John
John was helped by Mary.
Past progressive: Mary was helping John
John was being helped by Mary.
Past perfect: Mary had helped John
John had been helped by Mary.
Simple future: Mary will help John
John will be helped by Mary.
Future perfect: Mary will have helped John
John will have been helped by Mary
Active: People grow rice in India
Passive: Rice is grown in India.
Active: some one broke my bike.
Passive: My bike was broken.
Note:
- if speaker knows who causes the action, “by” phrase is used.
Active: People built my house in 1987. (Unclear subject)
Passive: My house was built in 1978.
- If speaker doesn’t know exactly who causes the action. “by” phrase is not used.
Active: My aunt made this rug. (Concrete subject)
Passive: This rug was made by my aunt.
Verbs have two objects: Indirect object (I.O) and Direct object (D.O)
Active: Someone gives Lee a gift.
Passive: Lee is given a gift. (Way 1)
A gift is given to Lee. (Way 2)
Active: My mom bought me a new toy car.
Passive: I was bought a new toy car by my mom. (w1)
A new toy car was bought for me by my mom.(w2)
Read something to someone. (đọc cái gì cho ai)
Sell something to someone. ( bán cho ai cái gì)
Lend something to someone. ( cho ai mượn cái gì )
Tell something to someone. ( kể cái gì cho ai)
Offer something to someone. (tặng cái gì cho ai)
Show something to someone. (chỉ cho ai cái gì)
Send something to someone. (gửi cái gì cho ai)
Write something to someone. (viết cái gì cho ai)
Make something to/for someone. (làm cài gì cho ai)
Buy something for someone. (mua cái gì cho ai)
Leave something for someone.(để lại cho ai cái gì)
Play something for someone. ( chơi cái gì cho ai)
Do something for someone. (Làm cái gì cho ai)