Các cấp so sánh

Các cấp so sánh
Cấp so sánh bằng. + As + adj / adv + as. VD: She is as tall as her friend. She runs as fast as her friend. + As + much + N (uncountable) + as. VD: I can drink as much beer as him / he can. + As + many + N (countable) + as. VD: Lan has as many English books as Nam.

Cấp so sánh không bằng. + Not as (so) + adj / adv + as. VD: She isn’t as beautiful as her mother. She can’t run as fast as her friend. + Not as (so) + much + N (uncountable) + as. VD: There isn’t so much rain in the north as in the south. + Not as (so) + many + N (countable) + as. VD: I haven’t got as many friends as her / she has.

Cấp so sánh kém. + Fewer + N (plural - countable) + than. VD: She has fewer pencils than me / I have. + Less + adj / adv / N (uncountable) + than. VD: She is less beautiful than her mother. He dances less gracefully than me. I can drink less beer than him.

Cấp so sánh hơn.
* Đối với tính từ hay phó từ ngắn (một âm tiết). Adj / adv + er + than. VD: This table is shorter than that one. A cat can run faster than a dog.
* Đối với tính từ hay phó từ dài (hai âm tiết trở lên) More + adj / adv + than. VD: This lesson is more interesting than last week’s. David drives more carefully than John.
* Multiple number comparatives: So sánh hơn kém với số lần cụ thể: half/ twice/ three times...

S + V + số lần + as
adj
Many + N đếm được,
Much + N không đếm được
+ as ...


VD: This dictionary costs twice as much as the other one.
We have half as many records now as he had last year.
This room is 3 times as large as that one.

Cấp so sánh hơn nhất.
* Đối với tính từ hay phó từ ngắn. The + adj / adv + est. VD: This house is the biggest of all. He runs the fastest of all.
* Đối với tính từ, phó từ dài, danh từ. The most + adj / adv. VD: This is the most interesting story I have ever heard. He writes the most carefully.
* Cấp so sánh nguyên. Dùng The same as VD: My shoes are the same as his (his shoes). Dùng “Different from”. VD: This book is different from that one. Có thể dùng “The same + N + as”. VD: My shirt is the same length as yours.

Một số cấu trúc so sánh khác.
* So sánh kép “càng ngày càng” Với tính từ hay phó từ ngắn: Adj / adv + er + and + adj / adv + er. VD: The days get shorter and shorter. He runs faster and faster. Với tính từ hay phó từ dài: More and more + adj / adv. VD: Our lessons are more and more difficult.

* So sánh kép “Càng … càng”
The more …,
The less …,
The adj / adv + er …
the more …
the less …
the adj / adv + er …

VD: The more I know him, the more I like him.
The more, the merrier. The less I see her, the more I miss her.


Quy tắc thêm “er” hoặc “est”
* Thêm“er” hoặc “est” vào tính từ, phó từ một âm tiết. VD: Tall ( taller / tallest.
* Thêm“er” hoặc “est” vào tính từ hai âm tiết tận cùng là: er, ow. VD: Clever ( cleverer / cleverest. Narrow ( narrower / narrowest.
* Thêm“er” hoặc “est” vào tính từ hai âm tiết có trọng âm ở âm tiết đầu. VD: Quiet ( quieter. Handsome ( handsomer. Pleasant ( pleasanter.
* Tận cùng là phụ âm + y thì đổi y thành i rồi thêm er, est. VD: She is luckier than I am.
* Tận cùng là một nguyên âm + một phụ âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm