Anh văn 6

Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh Thảo
Before the year 794, Japanese people wore separate upper and lower garments.� During the years 794 to 1192, the straight line method was invented.� This method involved cutting long pieces of fabric and sewing them together in a long dress like a kimono.� From the year 1192 to 1573, Japanese men and women began to wear bright colors on their kimono. �Samurai warriors wore the colors of their leaders.
���� Kimono making is a major art in Japan.� The kimono is a valuable piece of clothing.� They became heirlooms between 1868 and 1912.� Japan was influenced by other cultures.� Japan has recently adopted a more western style of clothing.� People wear modern clothes now like jeans and t-shirts.� Today kimono are only worn on special occasions such as the "Coming of Age Day".��
The History of the Kimono
The kimono (?? kimono "something worn") is the national costume of Japan. Originally the word "kimono" referred to all types of clothing, but it has come to denote a particular type of traditional full-length garment. The original and exact word should be wafuku (?? wafuku"clothes of Yamato").
Kimonos are T-shaped, straight-lined robes that fall to the ankle, with collars and wide, full-length sleeves. Kimonos are wrapped around the body, always with the left side over the right (except when dressing the dead for burial) and secured by a wide belt called an obi, which is usually tied at the back. Kimonos are generally worn with traditional footwear (especially geta, thonged wood-platform footwear; and zori, a type of thong-like footwear) and split-toe socks (tabi).
Today, kimonos are most often worn by women, and on special occasions. Traditionally, unmarried women wore a style of kimono called furisode, which have floor-length sleeves, on special occasions. A few older women and even fewer men still wear kimonos on a daily basis. Men wear kimonos most often at weddings, tea ceremonies, and other very special or very formal occasions. Kimonos are also worn by both men and women in certain sports, such as kendo. Professional sumo wrestlers are often seen in kimonos because they are required to wear traditional Japanese dress whenever appearing in public.
Facts on Kimono
     Kimono are clothes worn in Japan.  Kimono are designed to match the seasons.  They are also designed for different occasions.  When a baby is born, if it is a girl, it is dressed in a white under garment and a bright yuzen or dyed kimono; if a boy is born, he wears a black kimono with the family crest on it.  Another occasion for wearing a kimono is Shichi-go san.
     On the "Coming of Age" day a girl wears a furisode (kimono with long flowing sleeves), a boy wears a sahaori (half-coat) and a hakama with the family crest.  Only unmarried women wear a furisode.  A married woman wears a tomesode.  A tomesode only has a pattern on the bottom half.  A colored tomesode can also be worn on formal occasions.
Clothing Dictionary
Geta- clogs made of wood with two straps
Hakama- split leg garment for men
Ju-ni-hitoe- worn by ladies in the superial court and by the brides at princess weddings
Kamishimo-  formal dress for males in samurai class
Kimono- Native Japanese costume
Kosode- under garment worn by men and women
Obi- the belt that holds the kimono in place Obiage- shawl that you tie over the obi
Obijime- the sash that keeps the obi in place Tabi- split toe socks worn with kimono
Uchikake- top garment worn on kosode ( brides only) Yukata- a summer kimono worn without under garments ( also as a robe)
Zori- sandals made of straw
Fabrics and styles
A yukata is a cooling garment to wear. Like other forms of clothing based on traditional Japanese garments, it is made with straight seams and wide sleeves. Unlike formal kimono, yukata are typically made of cotton rather than silk or synthetic fabric, and they are unlined.
Traditionally yukata were mostly made of indigo-dyed cotton but today a wide variety of colors and designs is available. Like the more formal kimono, the general rule is the younger the person, the brighter the color and bolder the pattern. A child might wear a multicolored print and a young woman, a floral print, while an older woman would confine herself to a traditional dark blue with geometric patterns. Since the late 1990s, yukata have experienced a bit of a revival, and many young women now wear them in summer in personally distinctive ways not limited by tradition.
Yukata (?? Yukata ) is a Japanese summer garment. People wearing yukata are a common sight at fireworks displays, bon-odori festivals, and other summer events. The yukata is a casual form of kimono that is also frequently worn after bathing at traditional Japanese inns. Though their use is not limited to after-bath wear, yukata literally means bath(ing) clothes.
Etymology
The word yukata is an abbreviation of yukatabira, which can be broken down further. The full etymology is yukata < yukatabira < yu + katabira < yu+ kata + bira.

Young woman in yukata in Kyoto, Japan
Wearing a yukata
Women in yukata, from behind to show the obi and fans, in Tokyo, Japan
Women in yukata, from behind to show the obi and fans, in Tokyo, Japan
The proper way to wear a yukata is not necessarily obvious. The left side of the yukata is wrapped over the right side (the reverse is to be avoided as only the dead at a funeral wears the right over the left), and an obi (belt) is used to keep the yukata from falling open when worn in public. In private, as after a bath, the yukata is usually simply belted. Also, thonged wooden sandals called geta are usually worn with the yukata.
Amongst men, the most common use of yukata in public is when it is worn by sumo wrestlers. Junior ranked sumo wrestlers are expected to wear yukata when out in public, irrespective of the weather conditions or time of year. During the summer all wrestlers tend to wear this attire.
Yukata
Both men and women often wear yukata at traditional Japanese inns, especially ones with their own hot-spring baths. After checking in, people often change into a yukata provided by the inn. Many go for walks outside, to the public baths, and even to dinner and breakfast (taken in a communal dining room) in their yukata.

Furisode
Houmongi
Where is mom ?
I’m hungry
Milk …Milk
Kimono hobbyists in Japan can take courses on how to put on and wear kimonos. Classes cover selecting seasonally and event-appropriate patterns and fabrics, matching the kimono undergarments and accessories to the kimono, layering the undergarments according to subtle meanings, selecting and tying obi, and other topics. There are also clubs devoted to kimono culture, such as Kimono de Ginza.
A traditional wedding kimono