Unit4-Language focus -11co ban

Game: Riddles
What is the large fish shaped sea mammal?
2. What kind of chair is used for the people who cannot walk?
3. What has about 365 days?
4. What is the color of gold?
5. What is the antonym of the word “old”?
whale
wheelchair
A year
yellow
young
Answering the following questions
PERIOD 23 - UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
LESSON: LANGUAGE FOCUS
whale we yellow yes
wheel west young use
wine wet York years
/ w /
/ j /
I/ Pronunciation: / w / - / j /
1. Listen and repeat
PERIOD 23 - UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
LESSON: LANGUAGE FOCUS
I/ Pronunciation: / w / - / j /
2. Practise reading aloud these sentences:
a, We went for a walk in the woods near the railway.
b, We wore warm clothes and walked quickly to keep warm.
c, At about twelve, we had veal sandwiches and sweet white wine, and we watched TV.
d, Excuse me. Did you use to live in York?
e, Did you use to be a tutor at the University?
f, I read about Hugh in the newspaper yesterday.
We went
walk
woods
railway
We wore warm
walked
warm
twelve
sandwiches
sweet white
watched
wine
use
York
use
University
tutor
Hugh
newspaper
Excuse
you
you
we
yesterday
quickly
we
we
Underlining the ING-form words and identifying which is gerund or present participle, perfect gerund or perfect participle
1.” Where is Sally?” – She is playing tennis.
2. It is a worrying problem.
3. The girl standing over there is Alice.
4. Playing tennis is not expensive in England.
5. I enjoy walking in the countryside.
6. I heard him coming into the hall.
7. Having finished the work, he went home.
8. He admitted having stolen my bike.
playing
worrying
standing
Playing
walking
coming
Having finished
having stolen
pr. p
pr. p
pr. p
pr. p
gerund
gerund
perfect participle
perfect gerund
Period 23 – Unit 4: Volunteer work
Lesson: Language focus
I/ Pronunciation: / w / - / j /
II/ Grammar:
The Gerund and the Present participle have the same form: V+ing.
a, Gerund: The Gerund often acts like a verb and a noun at the same time. It can be used:
- as the subject of a sentence.
Ex: Playing tennis is not expensive in England.
- as complement of a verb.
Ex: What I have to do now is writing a letter to her.
1. Gerund and Present participle
- after prepositions
Ex: I’m afraid of going out alone in the dark.
after certain verbs such as enjoy, miss, finish, delay, avoid, suggest, risk, postpone, admit,……..
Ex: I enjoy walking in the countryside.
b, Present participle:
The Present participle indicates action, more like a verb or an adjective. It can be used:
as a verb in the continuous tense form.
Ex: She is playing tennis.
as an adjective.
Ex: It’s a worrying problem.
to replace a relative clause
Ex: The girl (who is) standing over there is Alice.
- to replace subject +verb in the main or subordinate clauses.
Ex: Entering the room, I saw him.
- after the verbs catch/ find/ leave + object
Ex: I caught him stealing my bike.
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
- after some verbs such as: waste, spend, go, be busy, …..
Ex: You waste time copying the lesson again.
- after verbs of perception such as see, hear, smell, observe, notice, watch, …
Ex: I heard him coming into the hall.
2. Perfect Gerund and Perfect participle:
+ Perfect Gerund is the perfect form of the gerund. It is used to refer to a past action.
Ex: He admitted having stolen my bike.
+ Perfect Participle is the perfect form of the present participle. It is used when one action happens before another action.
Ex: Having finished her work, she went home.
Period 23 – Unit 4: Volunteer work
Lesson: Language focus
I/ Pronunciation: / w/ - / j /
II/ Grammar:
1. Gerund and Present participle
2. Perfect Gerund and Perfect participle
3. Practice
Activity 1: Complete each of the following sentences with appropriate gerund of the verbs from the box.
1. I have no objection to ……………….to your story again.
2. Touch your toes without……………….your knees!
3. You should be ashamed of yourself for ……………….so badly.
4. I am looking forward to …………………..you.
5. You can’t prevent him from …………………his own money.
6. Would you mind …………………….for a moment?
7. In spite of …………….late, we arrived in time.
listening
bending
behaving
meeting
spending
waiting
starting
Activity 2: Complete each of the following sentences with appropriate present participle of the verbs from the box.
1. She smelt something …………and saw smoking ………...
2. If she catches you ……………her diary, she’ll be furious.
3. They found a tree ………………across the road.
4. I’m going ………………………this afternoon.
5. He doesn’t spend much time ……………………...........his lessons.
6. They wasted a whole afternoon …………….....to repair the bike.
7. They spent a lot of money …………………….the house.
burning
rising
reading
lying
shopping
preparing
trying
modernizing
Activity 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle, then decide which is perfect gerund (P.G) or perfect participle (P.P).
1. I object to him ……………....................(make) private calls on the office phone.
2. …………………………(be) his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.
3. They denied ………………………………(be) there.
4. ………………………….(tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window.
5. ………………………………(read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
6. The children admitted …………………………(take) the money.
having made
Having been
having been
Having tied
Having read
having taken
(P.G)
(P.P)
(P.G)
(P.P)
(P.G)
(P.P)
Period 23 – Unit 4: Volunteer work
Lesson: Language focus
I/ Pronunciation: / w / - / j /
II/ Grammar:
1. Gerund and Present participle
2. Perfect Gerund and Perfect participle
3. Practice
III/ Homework:
Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same:
1. He rushed out of the room. He was shouting at the top of his voice.
Shouting……………………………………………………………….
2. Don’t copy the lesson again. You waste a lot of time.
You waste……………………………………………………………..
3. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre.
Having………………………………………………………………….
4. Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm.
Jim hurt ………………………………………………………………
5. They found her. She was walking along the beach.
They found……………………………………………………………