Unit 7. Economic reforms

Unit 5: Economic reforms
Part 5. Writing
Understanding and writing about statistics

A. Some kinds of charts.
3. Graph
1. Bar-chart

2. Pie-chart
B. Some useful words and expressions to describe trends.

1. Verbs:
- rise, increase, shoot up, soar up
- fall, drop, decline, decrease
- remain (constant/ unchanged)
- reach (a plateau/ a peak)
- level off/ out
- fluctuate
B. Some useful words and expressions to describe trends.

2. Adverbs:
2. Adverbs:
- slowly, gradually, steadily
- rapidly, sharply, steeply, suddenly, dramatically, markedly
3. Nouns:

3. Nouns:
- an upward trend
- a rise, an increase
- a downward trend
- a fall, a drop, a decline, a decrease
4. Adjectives:

4. Adjectives:
- slow, gradual, steady
- rapid, sharp, steep, dramatic, marked.
A suggested outline
A suggested outline
- a general statement ( title, main subject of the graph)
- trends at different time
- overall trend
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(6)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(7)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(8)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(8)
(9)
C. Look at the graphs and match the phrases used in statistical writing to the corresponding information in the graph.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
a. a sudden fall or drop
b. to reach a peak
c. an upward trend
d. to remain constant
e. to rise steadily or to increase gradually
f. a downward trend
g. a dramatic increase
h. a drop/ fall/ decrease/ decline
i. to level off/ out
j. to reach a plateau
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(8)
(9)
(10)
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
1. In February, sales (1) .......................... to 100 million.
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
1. In February, sales (1) .......................... to 100 million.
increased/ rose
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
2. In the following two months, they (2)
..... .......... at 100 million.
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
2. In the following two months, they (2)
..... .......... at 100 million.
remained constant/ reached a plateau
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
3 - In the next three months, they (3) .... 60 million.

D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
3 - In the next three months, they (3) .... 60 million.

fell to
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
4 - The next two months saw (4)........ to 120 million.

D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
4 - The next two months saw (4)........ to 120 million.

a steady rise
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
5 - This was followed by (5) . ................to 40 million in October.

D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
5 - This was followed by (5) . ................to 40 million in October.

a dramatic/ sudden fall
D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
6. Sales (6) .......... in December to finish the year at 120 million.

D. Look at this graph showing sales of Viet Export Corp. and fill in the missing information
6. Sales (6) .......... in December to finish the year at 120 million.

rose/ increased
E. Write a short paragraph related to the statistics of incomes of Viet Discovery Travel shown by the graph (page 54), using the language in statistical writing.
Suggested answer:
As the graph shows, there was an upward trend in sales. In July, sales rose steadily/ gradually. In August and September, sales remained unchanged (reached a plateau). Then there was a sudden fall (decrease) in October followed by a sharp/ dramatic increase to a peak of 2,000,000 in November
Homework
Do the homework in the exercise book
Prepare for the next period