Unit 7. Economic reforms

UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
A. VOCABULARY
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each sentence:
1. The state of the............... is now worrying.
A. economic
B. economy
C. economical
D. economist
2. Since Doi Moi, our country has ............ substantial changes.
A. undergone
B. encountered
D. had
C. achieved
3. There has been a price increase in nearly every sector and the government is trying to control ..................
A. unemployment
B. inflation
C. investment
D. cooperation
4. Our party and government continue to reaffirm their strong ........... to Doi Moi policy.
A. commitment
B. achievement
C. introduction
D. measure
5. The land law was ............... in 1993.
A. adapted
B. adopted
C. affected
D. renovated
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
6. The aim of Doi Moi is to ............. the economy of Vietnam.
A. restructure
B. intervene
C. eliminate
D. invest
7. The government has taken many ............... to stop drug-taking.
A. solutions
B. ways
C. methods
D. measures
8. Thanks to Doi Moi, We’ve gained greater ................ and built a better life for our people.
A. achievements
B. investment
C. inflation
D. independence
9. We should ............ the children from smoking as it is bad for their health.
A. dissolve
B. discourage
C. forbid
D. encourage
10. To solve the problem of inflation, our government reduced state ...................... in businesses.
A. intervention
B. productivity
C. opportunity
D. cooperation
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
B. GRAMMAR:
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION
 Introduced by (al)though/ even though/ despite & in spite of (meaning: but/ however.)
CLAUSE:
(AL)THOUGH/
EVEN THOUGH
+ S + V
Ex: Although he is old, this man is still very active.
PHRASE:
DESPITE/
IN SPITE OF
+
+ NOUN
+ GERUND
Ex: Despite/ In spite of being old, this man is still very active
Despite/ In spite of his age, this man is very active.
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
Ex 1: It rained a lot, but they enjoyed themselves.
Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves.
Despite/ In spite of the rain, they enjoyed themselves.
Although the sea was rough, the boys went swimming.
Ex 2: The sea was rough, but the boys went swimming.
Despite/ In spite of the rough sea, the boys went swimming.
Ex 3: I have all the necessary things, but I didn’t get the job.
Although I have all the necessary things, I didn’t get the job.
Despite having all the necessary things, I didn’t get the job.
Ex 4: I’d met her twice before, but I didn’t recognize her.
Although I’d met her twice before, I didn’t recognize her.
Despite having met her twice before, I didn’t recognize her.
Ex 5: Although he was very tired, he couldn’t sleep.
Despite being very tired, he couldn’t sleep.
Despite his tiredness, he couldn’t sleep.
Ex 6: Although he had a bad cold, he took part in the competition.
Despite having a bad cold, he took part in the competition.
Despite his bad cold, he took part in the competition.
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
*NOTES
“Even though” is more emphatic than “although”
Ex: My father runs marathons, even though he is sixty.
We sometimes use In spite of (Despite) the fact that + S + V, especially if the two subjects are different.
Ex: In spite of (despite) the fact that the Great Fire destroyed much of London, only six people died.
For pattern: MAIN CLAUSE + ALTHOUGH + S + BE + PREDICATIVE ADJ. (when the two clauses have the same subjects), we can leave out: S + BE in the adverbial clause.
Ex: Although we were confident of victory, we knew it would not be easy.
= Although confident of victory, we knew it would not be easy.
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
C. READING COMPREHENSION:
Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic renewal campaign (Doi Moi) that introduced (1) ____ intended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a “socialist-oriented market economy.” Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market (2) __. The program abolished agricultural (3) ___, removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace. It encouraged the (4) ___ of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises.
By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was (5) ___. More than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing (6) ___ an annual rate of more than 7 percent. From the early 1990s
UNIT 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
to 2005, (7) ___ declined from about 50% to 29% of the population. However, progress varied geographically, with most prosperity (8) ___ in urban areas, particularly in and around Ho Chi Minh City. In general, rural areas also made progress, as rural (9) ___ living in poverty declined from 66% of the total in 1993 to 36% in 2002. by contrast, concentrations of poverty (10) ___ in certain rural areas, particularly the northwest, north-central coast, and central highlands
1A. refuges B. reforms C. restructuring D. renovations
2A. incentives B. impediments C. depressions D. recessions
3A. co-ordinates B. cooperation C. collectives D. coexistence
4A. foundation B. creation C. production D. establishment
5A. evident B. evidence C. evidential D. evidently
6A. in B. at C. of D. with
7A. shortage B. necessity C. poverty D. sufficiency
8A. concentrated B. contributed C. attributed D. centralized
9A. house crafts B. housemen C. house wares D. household
10A. relied B. remained C. removed D. relocated
*Keys: 1B 2A 3C 4D 5A 6B 7C 8A 9D 10B