Unit 7. Economic reforms

Good morning
Unit 7
ECONOMIC REFORMS
Period 42:
E. Language focus
* Pronunciation: Strong and weak forms of auxiliaries.
* Grammar: Adverbial clauses of concession: (al)though/ even though.
I. Pronunciation
Read the following phrases. Pay attention to how the strong and weak forms of the auxiliaries are pronounced.
Strong forms
Strong forms
Weak forms
Weak forms
she can
they must
you have
she has
I could
you do
can she
must they
have you
has she
could I
do you
I am
he does
he is
we shall
they will
it will
am I
does he
is he
shall we
will they
will it
Practise reading the following
A. Can you speak English?
B. Yes, I can.
A. Must we go now?
B. I think we must.
A. Have you met Quang?
B. Yes, I have.
A. Has she gone?
B. Yes, she has.
A. Shall we go now?
B. I think we ought to.
A. Will you come tomorrow?
B. Yes, I will.
A. Do you really have time for it?
B. Yes, I do.
Các trợ động từ và động từ tình thái đóng chức năng trợ từ: Trong câu hỏi, cụ thể là khi trợ động từ đứng trước chủ ngữ, chúng thường có hình thức yếu và ngược lại trong câu trả lời ngắn, chúng thường có hình thức mạnh bởi vì trong trường hợp này chúng đứng cuối câu và thường nhận trọng âm.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Ta thành lập mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ với các từ nối như: although, even though, despite, in spite of (mặc dù), but (nhưng).
ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH/ EVEN IF + clause
IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + (noun) phrase
......, BUT + clause
+ Mệnh đề phụ có thể đứng trước hoặc đứng sau mệnh đề chính.
Example:
- I drank the beer although I didn`t want it.
- Although he was lazy, he passed the examination.
- Despite/ In spite of his laziness, he passed the examination.
Đôi khi ta có thể dùng despite, in spite of the fact that + clause, nhất là hai mệnh đề có chủ ngữ khác nhau.
- In spite of the fact that the Great Fire destroyed much of London, only six people died.
+ Ta cũng có thể dùng "but" so sánh các câu sau:
- Although it was raining heavily, he went to work.
- It was raining heavily, but he went to work.
Lưu ý:
Trong tiếng Việt, ta thường nói: Mặc dù trời mưa to nhưng anh ta vẫn đi làm. Nhưng trong tiếng Anh ta chỉ dùng hoặc là although, even though, in spite of, despite hoặc là but, chứ không dùng cả hai.
Not: Although it was raining heavily but he went to work.
EXERCISE 1
Combine the sentences with although/ even though
Example:
It was very sunny. It was quite cold.
Although it was very sunny, it was quite cold.
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.
1. It rained a lot. We enjoyed our vacation.
2. We had planned everything carefully. A lot of things went wrong.
Although we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
3. The doctor has advised him to quit. Bob smokes 20 cigarettes a day.
Even though/ Although the doctor has advised him to quit, Bob smokes 20 cigarettes a day.
4. It was cold and rainy. We managed to go to class in time.
Although it was cold and rainy, we managed to go to class in time.
5. Luong has studied English only for six months. He can speak English very well.
Although Luong has studied English only for six months, he can speak English very well.
6. I didn’t go to bed early. I was really sleepy.
I didn`t go to bed early although I was really sleepy.
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences. Use although + a clause from the box.
Example:
…………………………………………………………………., he is not well paid.
Although he has a very important job
I was very tired
I had never seen her before
it was pretty cold
we don`t like them very much
I couldn`t speak the language
he has a very important job
the heat was on
I`d met her twice before
we`ve known each other for a long time
1. ………………………………………………., I couldn’t sleep.
2. …………………………………………………………………………, I recognized her from the distance.
3. She wasn’t wearing a coat, ……………………………………………………
4. We thought we’d better invite them to the party, ……………………………………………………………………..
Although I was very tired
Although I had never seen her before
although it was pretty cold
although we don’t like them very much
5. …………………………………………………………………….…., I managed to make myself understood.
6. …………………………………………..…, the room wasn’t very warm.
7. I didn’t recognize her
………………………………………………………………
8. We’ve not very good friends ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Although I couldn’t speak the language
Although the heat was on
although I’d met her twice before
although we’ve known each other for a long time
Exercise 3
Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences.
1. Although we had packed our bags the night before,…………………………………………
2. They didn’t eat anything although …………………………………………
3. Although Luong hadn’t studied English before , …………………………………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………………..
….…………………………., he failed the exam.
5. Although summer has come, …………………………………………………..
we forgot many things.
they were very hungry
he could speak/ read the language very well
Although he had revised everything/
studied very hard
it is pretty cold/ there hasn’t been any rain.
- Learn by heat the structure of adverbial clauses of concession.
- Make 5 sentences of them.
- Prepare A. Reading.
GOOD BYE