Unit 7. Celebrations

GIFT - GIVING
Originating from Western culture, where the holiday is characterized by the exchange of gifts among friends and family members, some of the gifts are attributed to a character called Santa Claus
EVERGREEN TREE
MISTLETOE
A Christmas tree, is one of the most popular traditions associated with the celebration of Christmas. It is normally an evergreen coniferous tree that is brought into a home or used in the open, and is decorated with Christmas lights and colorful ornaments during the days around Christmas
In Romanian traditions, mistletoe is considered a source of good fortune. The tradition has spread throughout the English-speaking world but is largely unknown in the rest of Europe. According to a custom of Christmas cheer, any two people who meet under a hanging of mistletoe are obliged to kiss.
A Christmas tree of poinsettias in San Diego

CHRISTMAS LIGHTS
Christmas lights (also sometimes called fairy lights, twinkle lights or holiday lights in the United States) are strands of electric lights used to decorate homes, public/commercial buildings and Christmas trees during the Christmas season. Christmas lights come in a dazzling array of configurations and colors. The small "midget" bulbs commonly known as fairy lights are also called Italian lights in some parts of the U.S., such as Chicago.
                                                                                                                        

RED AMARYLLIS
HOLLY
CHRISTMAS CACTUS
NATIVITY SCENES
A nativity scene is a depiction of the birth or birthplace of Jesus, either sculpted or using two-dimensional (cut-out) figures arranged in a three-dimensional setting.
ILLUMINATED SLEIGHS
In Australia, North and South America, and to a lesser extent Europe, it is traditional to decorate the outside of houses with lights and sometimes with illuminated sleighs:
Snowmen at Sapporo, Japan Snow Festival
16-foot-high snowman.
CHRISTMAS VILLAGES

In the Western world, rolls of brightly-colored paper with secular or religious Christmas motifs are manufactured for the purpose of wrapping gifts. The display of Christmas villages has also become a tradition in many homes during this season.
CHRISTMAS STOCKINGS
Other traditional decorations include
CHRISTMAS WREATHS
CANDY CANES
CHRISTMAS CAKE
A Bolo-Rei. This size, approx. 50 cm diameter, usually serves 8 people. This pastry is just one of the many types baked around the world for celebrations during the Twelve Days of Christmas and Twelfth Night.
The Piazza San Marco is the focus of the world’s best-known fantasy dress party
Masks were also allowed during Ascension and from October 5 to Christmas
Carnival Die Venetia was first recorded in 1268
But when the Austrians took control of the city on January 18, 1798 it fell into a decline which effectively brought carnival celebrations to a halt for nearly 2 centuries.
Carnival was outlawed by the fascist government in the 1930’s
It wasn’t until a modern mask shop was founded in the 1980’s that Carnival enjoyed a revival
Most masks today are made with the application of gesso and gold leaf, all hand-painted using natural feathers and gems to decorate them
The original Venetian masks were rather simple in design and decoration, frequently bearing a symbolic and practical function
TRICK – OR – TREATING
Trick – or - treating, is an activity for children on or around Halloween in which they proceed from house to house in costumes, asking for treats such as confectionery with the question, "Trick or treat?" The "trick" part of "trick or treat" is a threat to play a trick on the homeowner or his property if no treat is given
A TRICK-OR-TREATER IN MICHIGAN IN 1979
TRADITIONAL HALLOWEEN
BONFIRES
Those living in the country may hold Halloween parties, often with bonfires, with the celebrants passing between them
DIVINATION
COSTUME PARTIES
Halloween imagery tends to involve death, magic, or mythical monsters. Traditional characters include :
VAMPIRE COSTUME
GHOST COSTUME
WITCH COSTUME
OWL COSTUME
CROW COSTUME
VULTURE COSTUME
BLACK CAT COSTUME
SPIDER COSTUME
GOBLIN COSTUME
ZOOMBIES COSTUME
FRANKENSTEIN`S MONSTER
Particularly in America, symbolism is inspired by classic horror films, which contain fictional figures like Frankenstein`s monster and The Mummy. Elements of the autumn season, such as pumpkins and scarecrows, are also prevalent. Homes are often decorated with these types of symbols around Halloween.
THE MUMMY
THE SCARECROWS
Visiting haunted houses

WINCHESTER MYSTERY HOUSE IS ALLEGEDLY HAUNTED
Notwithstanding the name, such events are not necessarily held in houses, nor are the edifices themselves necessarily regarded to have actual ghosts. A variant of the haunted house is the "haunted trail", where the public encounters supernatural-themed characters or presentations of scenes from horror films while following a trail through a field or forest
PHANTOM MANOR IN DISNEYLAND PARIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A HAUNTED ATTRACTION.
CARVING JACK – Ó – LANTERNS
Originating in Europe, these lanterns were first carved from a turnip or rutabaga. . The carving of pumpkins is associated with Halloween in North America, where pumpkins were readily available and much larger, making them easier to carve than turnips
The carved pumpkins, lit by a candle inside, is one of Halloween`s most prominent symbols in America, and is commonly called a jack-o`-lantern
PUMPKIN - MEN
THE BAREBACK CAKE
The traditional Halloween cake in Ireland is the bareback, which is a fruit bread. Bareback is the centre of this Irish custom. In the bareback were: a pea, a stick, a piece of cloth, a small coin (originally a silver sixpence) and a ring
Christians around the world are celebrating Easter Sunday, the day they believe Jesus Christ was resurrected.
SYMBOL OF EASTER
Most masks today are made with the application of gesso and gold leaf, all hand-painted using natural feathers and gems to decorate them
HOT CROSS BUNS
These cakes were marked by the Saxons to honor Easter, the fertility goddess.
UKRAINIAN EASTER EGGS, OR PYSANKY.
BELARUSIAN EASTER EGGS
These eggs are often hidden, allegedly by the Easter Bunny, for good children to find on Easter morning. Otherwise, they are generally put in a basket filled with real or artificial straw to resemble a bird`s nest
FABERGÉ EGGS WERE COMMISSIONED BY CZAR ALEXANDER III OF RUSSIA AS AN EASTER SURPRISE FOR HIS WIFE MARIA FYODORO
SORBIAN EASTER EGGS
Hijacked crablike, Easter eggs from the Haná region, the Czech Republic, decorated with straw
PERFORATED EGG, SLEEPING BEAUTY
DESIGNED BY
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Hoàng Thị Thu Hằng
Đào Kim Yến
Trần Thị Thái Thu
Vương Thanh Vy