Unit 7. Celebrations

Unit 7: CELEBRATIONS
Conditional sentences
? Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.
? A conditional sentence consists of 2 clauses: an if clause and a main clause
Main clause
IF clause


Zero conditional
Ex: - If you heat a metal object, it expands
- If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
- If I don’t get enough sleep, I feel tired
Note: Most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"
Usage: to express facts that are always true, scientific facts, general truths .
Form:

If clause
Simple present



Main clause
Simple present


First conditional (conditional type 1)



If I don’t see him this afternoon , I will phone him in the evening .

 The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don`t use a comma.
Ex: I will send her an invitation if I find her address .
We`ll go to the park if it`s sunny .
I will phone him in the evening if I don’t see him this afternoon .


Usage: To talk about possibilities in the present or in the future, or to make predictions about the future.
Form:

If clause
Simple present



Main clause
Will + Bare infinitive


If it`s sunny , we` ll go to the park.
If I find her address , I`ll send her an invitation.
Ex:
Second Conditional (conditional type 2)
→ It is possible but very unlikely, maybe impossible, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Note: **This ‘past simple’ form is slightly different from usual in the case of the verb BE. Whatever the subject (he, she, or it…), the verb form is "were", not "was”
 If the "if" clause comes first , a comma is usually used . If the "if" clause comes second , there is no need for a comma .
Ex: I would have a trip to the Moon if I won the lottery.

If I had a million dollars , I would buy a big house .
If I saw a mouse on my bed , I would scream and then faint .
If you were an animal , which animal would you be ?

Ex:
Usage: to talk about unreal or imaginary situations in the present or in the future
Form:

If clause
simple past verb *

Main clause
would + infinitive
Third Condition(conditional type 3)
NOTE: Both would and had can be contracted to `d, which can be confusing. Remember that you NEVER use would in the IF-clause, so in the example above, " If I`d known " must be " If I had known ", and " I`d have baked " must be "I would have baked."
Ex: Would you have bought an elephant if you`d known how much they eat?

Usage: to talk about unreal situations in the past, things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past
Form:
If clause
Past Perfect


Main clause
would / could / might have + p.p


If I ` d known it was his birthday , I `d have baked a cake for him .
(Criticism: You didn`t bake a cake for him because you didn`t know that
was his birthday .)
- If it ` d snowed , we could have gone skiing.
( Regret: It didn`t snow, so we couldn`t go skiing. )
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled as it refers to the past.
Ex :
Exercise-pg103 textbook
1.If you believe in Santa Claus, ", the father said to his little son, "he __________________ you tonight"
2.If our motorbike had not broken down, we ________________ late for his party, and he ________________ so upset like that.
3. Suppose someone __________ born on Feb 29th, how often will they hold their birthday party?
4. According to the regulations, if a holiday ________ on a weekend, we will have the next nearest weekday as a day off.
5. ______Saint Giong ________________ into a giant and __________ admirable strength for the battle against the enemy without the villagers` seven baskets of local eggplants and rice?
6. - She`s so popular in this neighborhood.
_ Right. Without her blindness, we ______ still ______ her.

will come and visit
wouldn`t have been
wouldn`t have got
is
falls
Could
have grown
(have ) gotten
will
love
7. -Unless you put up the tinsel, nobody __________it a manger.
-Thanks
8. But for the cake and the champagne that she had brought, we ___________________ a real party.
9. Come with us! My mother never ________ annoyed even if the children make noise.
10. Do you believe that if a couple kiss under a bunch of mistletoe, they __________ a lot of children?
11. The teachers will be very much energized provided we all _______ hard enough.
12. "It doesn`t matter whether a cat is black or white as long as it __________mice.
will call
couldn`t have had
gets /
will never get
will have
work
catches
Tinsel (n) : kim tuyen Mistletoe (n) : cay tam gui
Manger (n) : mang an
Word Study: Genitive `s
Genitive is used to mark a noun as being the possessor of another noun , similar to that expressed by "of"
Genitive of origin; subjective genitive
Ex: -Beethoven`s music
- Fred Astaire`s dancing
- Confucius` teaching
 indicate the origin or source of the head noun of the phrase, rather than possession itself
 Objective genitive; classifying genitive
Ex:- the Hundred Years` War (->the war of a Hundred Years )
- two weeks` notice (->notice of two weeks )
- a prisoner`s release (->the release of the prisoner)
 specify, delimit, or describe the head noun. The paraphrase with ‘of’ is often un-idiomatic or ambiguous with these genitives
 Genitive of purpose
Ex: - women`s shoes
- children`s literature
 identifies the purpose or intended recipient of the head noun. ‘Of ‘ cannot paraphrase them; they can be idiomatically paraphrased with ‘for’: shoes for women.
 Appositive genitive
Ex: Dublin`s fair city
 This is not a common usage. The more usual expression is the fair city of Dublin.
Basic rules of thumb
- General rule: `s (John`s suitcase, the children`s playground)
- Classical names in -s: ` (Jesus` suffering, Marx` Kapital)
- Plurals in -s: ` (a boys` school, the girls` boyfriends)
Singular:
-Add `s:
Ex:Mandy`s brother John plays football.
My teacher`s name is ...
Plural:
-Add the apostrophe ` to regular plural forms:
Ex:The girls` room is very nice.
The Smiths` car is black.
-Add `s to irregular plural forms:
Ex:The children`s books are over there.
Men`s clothes are on the third floor.
-If there are multiple nouns, add an `s only to the last noun:
Ex: Peter and John`s mother is a teacher.

4.the business of Anne and Francis
 Anne and Francis` business
 Anne`s and Francis` business
 Anne and Francis`s business
 Anne`s business and Francis`s
5.the girlfriend of my brother-in-law
 my brother-in-law`s girlfriend
 my brother`s-in-law girlfriend
 my brother`s-in-law`s girlfriend
6.the future of our boys
 our boy`s future
 our boys` future
 our boys`s future


1.the coats of the ladies
the lady`s coats
 the ladies` coats
 no genitive possible
2. the countries of Blair and Chirac
 Blair`s country and Chirac`s
 Blair and Chirac`s countries
 Blair and Chiracs countries
3.the hobbies of the women
 the woman`s hobbies
 the women`s hobbies
 the womens` hobbies
Match the words in column A with those in column B, then use `s to make appropriate phrases to complete the sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1 .I`ve promised to buy my nephew some ______________if he passes the test
2.Three teachers in this school are taking a course for a __________
3.What are you going to buy mom on the ____________?
4. Well, that`s enough for the first section. Let`s have a ___________________
5. In memory of those who have died in the struggles against foreign invaders, visits are paid to the City`s Cemetery every year on _________________________________
6. It`s not too far, just a _______________; you can walk there
7. For _____________, calm down! I`m going to tell you all you need to know.
8. There are always fewer shoppers in the ________ department than in the women`s
children`s books
Master`s degree
Mother`s Day
Revolutionary Invalids &Martyr` Day
fifteen minutes` break
A mile`s distance
heaven`s sake
men`s
Exercise/103