Unit 6. Future jobs

I. PRONUNCIATION
Weak and strong forms of some conjunctions and prepositions
Listen and repeat
Conjunctions
Strong from
and

but
[ænd]

[bʌt]
[ənd, ən]

[bət]
Weak form
Prepositions
Strong from
at
for
of
to
from
[æt]
[fɔ:]
[ɔv]
[tu:]
[frɔm]
[ət]
[fɔ:,fə]
[ɔv, əv]
[tə]
[frəm]
Weak form
Practice reading these sentences
1. What are you looking at?
2. I want to go but I don’t know when.
3. She bought a book and two pens.
4. Thanks for coming.
5. I’m from Hanoi
6. Where is it from?
7. She’s the one I’m fond of.
8. First of all, I want to thank you for coming.
9. The letter was to him, not from him.
10. I want to ask you a question.
II. GRAMMAR
Presentation
RELATIVE CLAUSES
 GENERAL RULES:
Subject
Object
Possessive
who
whom (who)
whose
which
which
whose, of which
Things and Animals
Persons
Antecedent
Function
 EXAMPLES:
WHO
- Do you know the man? He wrote this poem.
Do you know the man who wrote this poem? (WHO: subject of WROTE)
WHOM (WHO)
- My employer works in the next room. I dislike
him.
My employer, whom I dislike, works in the
next room.
(WHOM: object of DISLIKE)
WHICH
- The flowers are beautiful. You bought the flowers yesterday.
The flowers which you bought are beautiful yesterday.
(WHICH: object of BOUGHT)

- The flowers are beautiful. The flowers are in your garden.
The flowers which are in your garden are beautiful.
(WHICH: subject of ARE)
WHOSE

- I know the girl. Her father works in this bank.
I know the girl whose father works in this bank.

- A tree should be cut down. Its branches are dead.
 A tree whose branches are dead should be cut down.
(branches of which)
THAT
 may replace who, whom, which in restrictive (defining) clause.
ex: - This is the girl whom (that) I want to marry.
- The flowers which (that) you bought are fresh.
- Do you know the man who (that) wrote this poem?
 should be used after a mixed antecedent (person + thing / animal)
ex: I met the people, cattle and vehicles that went to market.
 should be used after adj. in the superlative and “the first”, “the last”, “the only”, “the very”
ex:- He is the kindest doctor that I’ve ever worked with.
- The last words that he spoke were: “long live VN!”
- John was the only student that didn’t pass the exam

THAT
 should be used after most Indefinite Pronouns: All, much, nothing, anything, nobody, everything,
ex: - Have you got all that you need ?
- I love everything that she makes for me.
- Much that I have read is untrue.
 should be used after the opening IT IS/WAS…,
(Cleft sentence)
ex: It was John that I was just talking to.
NOTES:
“That” is NOT used in non-restrictive (non-defining) clauses (after the comma) or after Prepositions
ex: - Air, which (that) we breathe, is made up of many gases.
- The man to whom (that) you were talking is the manager

 Whom, which, that are usually omitted from restrictive clauses when they are the Object of the verb in the clause, or of a preposition that doesn’t stand before them.
ex: The man (which/that) we voted for won the election.
 Whoever, whatever, …: may be used as S, O
1. Whoever asks, don’t say I’m at home.
2. Whatever happens, be calm.
 Which: may be used as S in
coordinating relative clauses
3. She gets good marks. This makes her parents happy
3. She gets goods marks, which makes her parents happy.
Exercise
II. GRAMMAR
Exercise 1: Add Who, whoever, whose, whom, or which to complete the following sentences
1. There is one person to ___________ I owe more than I can say.
2. It was the kind of accident for ___________ nobody was really to blame.
3. ___________ leaves last should turn off the lights.
4. Mary was late yesterday, ___________ was unusual for her.
5. At 6.00pm, ___________ was an hour before the plane was due, thick for descended.
6. I don’t know ___________ told you that, but they were wrong.
7. Mr. Brown was the first owner __________ dog won three prizes in the same show.
8. I’ve just spoken to Sally, ___________ sends you her love.
9. On Sunday, ___________ was my birthday, we went out for a meal.
10. The success of a shared holiday depends
on ___________ you share it with.