Unit 4 Grammar

English 9 : Teacher : Nguyen Xuan Thien
A:Conditional sentences: (type 1)
Câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 là nói đến điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại

If _clause Main _clause
If + S +V(present) , S + will/ shall + Inf
Ex : If you leave before 10 a.m, you will catch the train.
* Chú ý: Câu điều kiện trong mệnh đề có "modal verb".
If_ clause , main_ clause
If +S+V(present),S+ mdv+ Inf
Ex: Lan can go out with me If she has much time.
Conditional Sentence Type 2:
(điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại ).
If_ clause , main_ clause
Past Subjunctive,Future in the past.
If +S+V2/ ed /were,S+would+Vinfi

Ex1: If I were a bird, I would be a pibeon.
Tag - questions. (câu hỏi đuôi).
- Câu hỏi đuôi gồm hai vế câu (nếu vế trước ở khẳng định thì vế sau phải phủ định và ngược lại) - nhớ đảo ngữ.
* Form:
Affirmative , Negative question ?
Negative , Affirmative question ?
Ex: John is here, isn`t he ?
She likes that news, doesn`t she ?
* Notes:
- Các trạng từ : seldom, never, rarely, scarely, hardly thì vế sau phải ở dạng khẳng định.
Ex: I rarely come to class late, do I ?
-Với "tobe" khi một bên là I am thì vế sau là "aren`t I".
Ex: I am a teacher, aren`t I ?
- Các câu mệnh lệnh thì đuôi phải ở tương lai ngôi thứ hai, nhất.
Ex: Let`s go out, shall we ?
Please look at the board, will you ?
Direct and reported speech.
(câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp)
B:1.Reported clause.
Ex: He said "I will come back this store tomorrow."
? He said that he would come back that store the following day.
Ex: "I come here on time" He said to me.
? He said to me that he came there on time.
* Form:
S+ said (that) +clause(change tense).
told +S.O+(that) + clause
said to +S.O+(that)+clause.
2. Wh / Yes. No questions.
Ex1: "what are you doing now ? ". He said
? He asked me what I was doing then.
Ex2: "Do you speak English ?" Lan asked her friend.
? Lan asked her friend if he spoke English.
* Form:
S+ asked + (S.O)
+ wh/whether(if)+clause
(change tense)
Ex: “Are you thirsty, Lan ?” He asked.
He asked Lan if she was thirsty.
Chú Ý : Chúng ta có thể sử dụng một số động từ sau để làm động từ tường thuật
Asked (hỏi/yêu cầu),
inquired (hỏi thăm) ,
wanted to know (muốn biết) ,
wondered (muốn biết)
a. Chuyển thì.
- Present Simple ? Past Simple.
- Present Progressive ? Past Progressive.
- Present Perfect ? Past Perfect.
- Simple Past ? Past Perfect.
- Past Progressive ? Past Progressive.
? Past Perfect Progressive.
Present Perfect Progressive
? Past Perfect Progressive .
- Past Perfect ? Past Perfect.
- Past Perfect Progressive ? Past Perfect Progressive
Ex: Bill said, “My wife hasn’t got a car”.
 Bill said that his wife hadn’t got a car.
* Chuyển từ
- This  that
- Here  there
- Now  then
- Must  had to
- Ago  before earlier.
- These  those
Needn’t
 didn’t have to
- Tonight  that night
Can / May
 could / might
- Today  that day
Tomorrow
 the next day
 the following day
 the day after.
Yesterday
 the day before
 the previous day.
Next week
 the week after
 the following week.
Last week
 the week before
 the previous week