Unit 3. Becoming independent. Lesson 2. Language

Warm up: Choose an adjective from the lists below to describe the people.
mean
modest
cheerful
arrogant
shy
lazy
LANGUAGE
NEW LESSON
VOCABULARY
1. Complete the table with words that have the same roots as the adjectives in the first column. Some adjectives do not have all the corresponding word forms. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
reliability
reliably
confidence
confidently
independence
independently
self-reliance
self-reliantly
decision
decisively
determination
determinedly
responsibility
responsibly
2. Complete the sentences with some of the words from 1.
Ba is a very ……………….. young man. No one can stop him from achieving his goals.
determined
Example:
1. Ann is a very …………….. person. Whenever you ask her to do things for you, you can expect her to do them well.
2. You must believe in your abilities and have …………….. in yourself to succeed.
3. To keep …………..…….. on current topics, you need to read newspapers and watch the news.
4. She has a very …………….. attitude towards work. She doesn`t need to be reminded about her duties.
5. Lan has been taught ……………….. from an early age, so she is very independent now.
6. In case of emergency, you have to act very …………….
7. Vietnamese people celebrate their ……………………... Day on September 2nd.
reliable
confidence
well-informed
responsible
self-reliance
decisively
Independence
Consonant to vowel linking
When we talk naturally, we don`t pause between the words. We usually link the end and beginning of some words so that they are easy to say and flow together smoothly.
Consonant to vowel linking is very common and occurs between words ending with a consonant sound and words beginning with a vowel sound.
Pronunciation
Linking between a consonant and a vowel
This is a very important feature of English as it helps preserve rhythm and makes the spoken language sound natural. Learners of English can have problems understanding and speaking English if they are not aware of word linking in connected speech. Linking can occur when a word ends in a consonant and the following word starts with a vowel. The consonant sound is linked with the vowel sound.
1. Listen and repeat the following sentences, paying attention to the linking between the words.
He`s a new student in our class.
He always fulfills all his tasks on time.
He knows a lot about life and the world around.
Now it`s time for all of us to celebrate our achievements.
An independent person is capable of doing things by herself.
He`s a new student in our class.
He always fulfills all his tasks on time.
He knows a lot about life and the world around.
Now it`s time for all of us to celebrate our achievements.
An independent person is capable of doing things by herself.
Line up and wait until I tell you what to do.
My phone number is oh nine oh eight seven six oh four oh five (0908 760 405).
You could earn a lot of money if you write an interesting e-book.
Once upon a time, there was a frog that lived in a little pond.
Take a box from over there and give it to me.
2. Listen and link ( ) the consonant sounds and the vowel sounds. Then practise reading the sentences.
Line up and wait until I tell you what to do.
My phone number is oh nine oh eight seven six oh four oh five (0908 760 405).
You could earn a lot of money if you write an interesting e-book.
Once upon a time, there was a frog that lived in a little pond.
Take a box from over there and give it to me.
• We can use the to-infinitive after certain adjectives to give a reason for the adjectives:
- Pro(noun) + linking verb + adjective + to-infinitive
Adjectives: glad, happy, lucky, amazed, surprised, proud, determined, pleased, sorry, disappointed, sad, afraid
To-infinitives after nouns / adjectives
GRAMMAR
Example:
I`m happy to see my former teacher again.
I’m pleased to hear about your news.
To-infinitives after nouns / adjectives
GRAMMAR
1. Work in pairs. Underline the to-infinitive in the sentences you found in 4 in GETTING STARTED. Pay attention to how the infinitives are used.
It’s good to have a friend you can rely on.
Even our Maths teacher was very surprised to read his answer.
His parents must be really pleased to have such a son.
But he still has time to read ….. 
Its interesting to talk to him.
I really admire his ability to make decisions so quickly.
You’re lucky to have a close friend like him.
• We can use the to-infinitive in structures with It and certain adjectives to make a comment or judgement.
It + linking verb + adjective (for SB) + to-infinitive
Adjectives: easy, difficult, hard, interesting, boring, nice, great, good, possible, impossible, likely, important, necessary, unreasonable.
Examples:
It is interesting to talk to him.
It is important for me to have confidence in myself.
Example:
We were happy because we met some interesting people.
We were happy to meet some interesting people.
2. Rewrite the sentences, using the to-infinitive.
The little boy was afraid when he jumped into the pool.
__________________________________________2. She is proud that she is the leader of the group.
__________________________________________
3. The students were excited when they heard that they had won the competition.
__________________________________________
4. My mother was very surprised when she heard I would take part in the storytelling contest.
__________________________________________
5. I`m sorry if I may disturb you.
__________________________________________
Examples:
All of us want to visit the Citadel. It`s interesting.
=> It`s interesting for all of us to visit the Citadel.
Don`t bring your umbrella with you. It`s unnecessary
=> It`s unnecessary to bring your umbrella with you.
3. Combine the sentences, using to-infinitives
1. Don`t expect that everybody will understand you. It`s unreasonable.

2. We can`t guess what will happen. It`s impossible.

3. Everyone can learn some simple sentences in English such as How are you? or Thank you. It`s easy.

4. You should take a map with you when travelling in a foreign country. It`s necessary.

5. You can finish the project on your own. It`s possible.
1. Don`t expect that everybody will understand you. It`s unreasonable.


2. We can`t guess what will happen. It`s impossible.

3. Everyone can learn some simple sentences in English such as How are you? or Thank you. It`s easy.


4. You should take a map with you when travelling in a foreign country. It`s necessary.


5. You can finish the project on your own. It`s possible.
It`s possible for you to finish the project on your own.
It’s unreasonable to expect that everybody will understand you.
It`s impossible to guess what will happen.
It`s easy to learn some simple sentences in English such as How are you? or Thank you.
It`s necessary to take a map with you when travelling in a foreign country.
• We can use to-infinitives after certain abstract nouns to say what action they relate to.
Noun + to-infinitive
Nouns: advice, ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, chance, decision, dream, failure, permission, plan, request, wish, way, demand, determination, effort, offer, willingness
Examples:
Your dream to become a teacher will come true.
You should find a way to deal with this problem.
4. Rewrite the sentences, using the nouns in brackets and a to-infinitive phrase.
Example:
She knows how to solve the problem. (way)
=> She knows the way to solve the problem.
1. You are not ill so you don`t have to stay in bed. (need)
2. My teacher is able to make complicated things easy to understand. (ability)

3. That he decided to take part in the contest surprised all of us. (decision)
4. I was not allowed to go to the party. (permission)
5. I didn`t know that they were going to Nha Trang for the summer holidays. (plan)
I didn`t know about their plan to go to Nha Trang for the summer holidays.
You are not ill so there`s no need to stay in bed.
My teacher has the ability to make complicated things easy to understand.
His decision to take part in the contest surprised all of us.
I couldn`t get permission to go to the party.
HOMEWORK
- Practice the linking between the words.
Revise the Grammatical structure Adjective / Noun + To- Infinitive.
Do exercise A1, 2; B1-5 page 18-20 in workbook.
- Prepare: SKILLS – READING (page 34)
Thank you very much
for your attention !
Good bye !