Unit 2. Cultural diversity

PASSIVE VOICE
TENSES
Revision
Thể chủ động (active voice)
là cách đặt câu mà chủ từ đóng vai trò chủ động.

- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.
- He has already finished his homework.

Thể thụ động (passive voice)
là cách đặt câu mà chủ từ đóng vai trò bị động.
-That house was built 100 years ago.
- Those windows are painted blue.


Passive sentence :

S + be + past participle
Hãy quan sát ví dụ sau :

* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday.
S V O

* Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday.
S be + P.P by O
A. What is the way to change active into passive voice?
- Lấy tân ngữ trong câu chủ động lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
-Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động chuyển xuống làm tân ngữ trong câu bị động.
- Động từ Be được chia theo thì của động từ chính (V) trong câu chủ động, BE phải hợp với chủ ngữ của câu bị động và động từ chính thì chuyển về quá khứ phân từ(PII).
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đứng sau”by”
- Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm thì đứng trước”by”
Active : Jane cleans the floor every day .
S V O
AM
S + IS + PII + BY+ O
ARE
Simple present :
Passive
Jane
cleans
the floor
every day .
is
by
Active : Jane is cleaning the floor now .
Passive : The floor is being cleaned by Jane now.
Present continuous
S + IS / AM / ARE + BEING + PII
Present perfect
Active : The floor looks nice . Jane has cleaned it.
Passive : The floor looks nice . It has been cleaned by Jane .
S + HAS / HAVE+ BEEN + PP
Simple past
Active : Jane cleaned the floor yesterday .
Passive : The floor was cleaned by Jane yesterday .
S + WAS / WERE + PP
Past continuous
Active :Jane was cleaning the floor when I arrived .
Passive:The floor was being cleaned by Jane when I arrived .
S + WAS / WERE + BEING + PP
Past perfect
Active : The floor looked much better . Jane had cleaned it .
Passive : The room looked much better . It had been cleaned by Jane.
S + HAD + BEEN + PP
Simple future
Active :The floor looks dirty . Jane will clean it tomorrow.
Passive : The floor looks dirty . It will be cleaned by Jane tomorrow.
S + WILL + BE + PP+ by +O
Near future
Active :The floor looks dirty . Jane is going to clean it tomorrow.
Passive : The floor looks dirty . It is going to be cleaned
by Jane tomorrow
S + Am/is/ are+ going tobe + PII
Modalverb
Active: Jane can clean the house
Passive: the house can be cleaned by Jane
S+ Modal verb +be +PII+by +O
1970
1.They built this building in 1970.
Building / build
 This building was built in 1970 .
postman
A few letters
2.The postman is collecting a few letters .
 A few letters are being collected by the postman.
Newspapers
Postman
3.The postman is delivering some newspapers .
 Some newspapers are being delivered by the postman .
Mary
Heavy bag
4.Mary is carrying a heavy bag .
 A heavy bag is being carried by Mary.
Mr Brown
Picture
5.Mr Brown has already drawn a picture .
 A picture has already been drawn by Mr Brown .
Tom
Mother
6.Tom often kisses his mother .
 Tom’s mother is often kissed by Tom/him .
Sofa
7.They are moving a sofa to the next room .
 A sofa is being moved to the next room .
Linda
Flower
8.Lan is picking a flower .
 A flower is being picked by Lan .
Workman
9.The workman repairs cars everyday .
 Cars are repaired by the workman everyday.
Car
Woman
10.This woman sweeps the streets everyday .
 The streets are swept by this woman everyday .
B. PRACTICE.
I. Give the correct form of the verbs “active or passive”
1.English ---------- (speak) all over the world .
2. The students ----- (do) the exercises when I came .
3. I ----- (not / allow) to go out last night .
4. All main courses ----- (serve) with vegetables and salad .
5. HCM city ----- (call) “the Pearl of the Far East” . (ngọc trai)
6. Clothes and food ----- (just / carry) to the flooded area.
7. Who ---- (invent) the generator ? ( máy phát điện)
8. More money ----- (spend) on food now than it-----
(spend) years ago .
is spoken
were doing
wasn’t allowed
are served
is called
have just been carried
invented
is being spent
was spent
II. Underline the correct form active or passive
of the verbs in brackets
1. Some new equipment (has ordered -has been ordered ) by the company.
2. Somebody (calls -is called ) the President everyday .
3. These artificial flowers (make -are made) of silk . (nhân tạo )
4. Nothing (has done-has been done) .
5. A lot of money (spends -is spent) on advertising .
6. This room (uses -is used) only on special occasions .
7. The old theatre (is being pulled - pulls ) down .
8. My bicycle (stole -was stolen) yesterday .
III.Change the following sentences into passive voice
1. They sell a special kind of tea here .

2. They have searched all the cars and trucks .

3. The English government put him in prison last year .

4. Her parents will meet us at the station tomorrow .

5. Mr Brown is holding a meeting in the hall .
 A special kind of tea is sold here .
 All the cars and trucks have been searched .
 He was put in prison by the English government last year .
 We will be met at the station by her parents tomorrow .
 A meeting is being held in the hall by Mr Brown .
Thank for your listening