Unit 2. Clothing

Chapter 14 Enterprise Computing
Chapter 14 Objectives
Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation
Identify information systems used in
the functional units of an enterprise
List general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise
List types of technologies used
throughout an enterprise
Describe the major types of e-commerce
Discuss the computer hardware needs
and solutions for an enterprise
Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished
Discuss the steps in a disaster recovery plan
What is Enterprise Computing?
What is an enterprise?
p. 714
Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization
Requires special computing
solutions because of its size
Enterprise computing—use
of computers in networks that
encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures
What is Enterprise Computing?
How does information flow within an enterprise?
Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an extensive geographical area and disparate groups of people
p. 714 Fig. 14-1
What is Enterprise Computing?
How are enterprises organized?
p. 716 Fig. 14-2
Most are organized in a hierarchy
Executive management
strategic decisions
Middle management
tactical decisions
What is Enterprise Computing?
What are the four categories of users?
p. 717 Fig. 14-3
Operational management
operational decisions
Nonmanagement employees
on-the-job decisions
What is Enterprise Computing?
What is enterprise information?
p. 718
Information gathered in
ongoing operations of enterprise
Allows managers to
make better decisions
Collected, combined,
and analyzed over time
What is Enterprise Computing?
What are the four management activities?
p. 719 Fig. 14-4
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an information system?
p. 720 Fig. 14-5
Set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information
Procedures are instructions users follow to accomplish activities
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a functional unit?
p. 720
Individual operating entity, which can include departments, centers, and divisions
Manufacturing
Engineering
or Product Development
Accounting
and
Finance
Human
Resources
(HR)
Distribution
Sales
Marketing
Information
Technology
Customer
Service
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What are the functions of accounting and finance systems?
p. 721 Fig. 14-7
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a human resources information system (HRIS)?
p. 721 Fig. 14-8
Manages human resources function
Employee relationship management (ERM) system facilitates communication with employees
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is computer-aided design (CAD)?
p. 722 Fig. 14-9
Uses special software to aid in product design
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?
p. 722 Fig. 14-10
Use of computers to control production equipment
Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM)
integrates operations
of manufacturing
process
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?
p. 723
Uses software to
monitor and control production processes
Focuses on
inventory of parts
Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II)
is extension of MRP
Helps in scheduling, tracking production,
and monitoring
product quality
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a marketing information system?
p. 723 Fig. 14-11
Central repository for marketing tasks
Market research software analyzes data gathered from surveys
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is sales force automation (SFA) software?
p. 724 Fig. 14-12
Tools for traveling salespeople
Runs on PDAs or notebook computers
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What are distribution systems?
p. 724
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is customer interaction management (CIM) software?
p. 724 Fig. 14-13
Manages interactions
with customers
Telephone calls
E-mail
Web interactions
Instant Messaging
sessions
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is information architecture?
p. 725
Overall technology strategy for an enterprise
IT department uses software to maintain hardware and software applications
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an office information system (OIS)?
p. 726
Users create graphics and documents, send messages, schedule appointments, and browse the Web
Sometimes called office automation
Enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices instead of manually
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?
p. 726 Fig. 14-14
Captures and processes data from day-to-day transactions
Transaction—
individual
business activity
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a management information system (MIS)?
p. 727 Fig. 14-15
Generates accurate, timely, and organized information so managers can track progress and make decisions
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a decision support system (DSS)?
p. 728 Fig. 14-16
Helps users analyze data and make decisions
Uses data from internal and external sources, as needed
Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of executive management
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an expert system?
p. 729
Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making
Consists of two components
knowledge base—combined subject knowledge and experiences of
human experts
inference rules—set
of logical judgments applied to the knowledge base
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is an example of an expert system?
p. 729 Fig. 14-17
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What are some common types of expert systems?
p. 730
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)?
p. 731 Fig. 14-18
Provides software applications
to coordinate activities of functional units
Information Systems in the Enterprise
What is a content management system (CMS)?
p. 732 Fig. 14-19
Combination of databases, software, and procedures
Organizes and allows access to documents and other files
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a portal?
p. 733 Fig. 14-20
Collection of links, content, and services presented on Web page
Designed to guide users to information they are likely to find interesting for a particular job function
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a data warehouse?
p. 734 Fig. 14-21
Huge database that stores data required to analyze historical and current transactions
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is an extranet?
p. 735
Portion of network that allows customers or suppliers to access parts of enterprise’s intranet
Replaces or supplements existing EDI systems
EDI (electronic data interchange)—Set of standards that controls transfer of business data among computers
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What are Web services?
p. 735 Fig. 14-22
Technologies that allow businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions on Internet
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a workflow?
p. 736
Steps involved in completing project or business process
Workflow application is a program that tracks process from start to finish
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
What is a virtual private network (VPN)?
p. 736 Fig. 14-23
Provides secure connection for user connecting to company network server using Internet
E-Commerce
What is e-retail?
p. 738
Merchant account is
account set up with credit
card company so retailer
can accept credit card
payments from customers
Also called e-tail
Retailers use Web to sell products and services
E-Commerce
What are online banking and online trading?
p. 738
Online banking allows users to pay bills and
view their bank accounts and statements from
their computers
Online trading allows users to invest without
using broker, often with a lower transaction fee
E-Commerce
What entertainment, media, and travel services are on the Web?
p. 739 Fig. 14-25
Music, videos, news, sporting events, and games
Airline, hotel, and car reservations
Shopping bot—searches for best price on product
or service
E-Commerce
What health-related information can you find on the Web?
p. 740 Fig. 14-26
Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise
Databases of doctors and dentists, chat rooms, online pharmacies
Enterprise Hardware
What is enterprise hardware?
p. 741
Allows large organizations to manage
and store data
Often includes levels of redundancy
One goal is
to maintain high level of availability
Redundancy
if one piece breaks, another part can assume tasks
Availability
how often hardware is online
Enterprise Hardware
What is a RAID?
p. 741 Fig. 14-27
Redundant array of independent disks
Group of two or more integrated hard disks
More reliable than traditional hard disks
Enterprise Hardware
How does a RAID system work?
p. 741 Fig. 14-28
Mirroring—writes data on two disks at same time
Striping—splits data across multiple disks
Enhances reliability
Improves access time
Enterprise Hardware
What is network attached storage (NAS)?
p. 742 Fig. 14-29
Server that provides storage to users and information systems
Storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed network that provides storage to other servers
to which it is attached
Enterprise Hardware
What is an enterprise storage system?
p. 743 - 744 Fig. 14-30
Strategy that focuses on storage availability, protection, organization, and backup
Uses combination of
techniques
CD-ROM server, or
DVD-ROM server, holds
hundreds of CD-ROMs or
DVD-ROMs
Enterprise Hardware
What is a blade server?
p. 744 Fig. 14-31
Sometimes called ultradense server
Complete server on single card, or blade, rather than system unit
Saves space, requires less maintenance, uses less energy, generates less heat, and is easily replaced or upgraded
Blade server chassis holds many blades
Enterprise Hardware
What is a thin client?
p. 744 Fig. 14-32
Small terminal-like computers
Mostly rely on a server for data storage and processing
Lack many components typically seen on a personal computer
Enterprise Hardware
What are high-availability systems?
p. 745
Availability (uptime)
of at least
99 percent
Often includes
hot-swapping
Hot-swapping
allows components
to be replaced while
rest of system continues
to perform tasks
May include redundant components
Redundant component
takes over task of
similar component
that fails
Enterprise Hardware
What are scalability and interoperability?
p. 745 - 746
Scalability
is measure of how well computer hardware system, software application, or information system can grow to meet increasing needs
Interoperability
is ability to share information with other information systems within enterprise
Adding hardware
is often easiest
method to grow
System that shares information easily
is said to be open
Backup Procedures
What are the four types of backups?
p. 747 Fig. 14-33
Backup Procedures
What is a backup procedure?
p. 747 Fig. 14-34
Regular plan of copying and storing data and program files
Can use combination of
full backups and differential or incremental backups
Backup Procedures
What is a disaster recovery plan?
p. 748
Written plan for restoring computer operations in event of disaster
Summary of Enterprise Computing
Special computing requirements present
in an enterprise-sized organization
E-retailing and types of businesses
that use e-commerce
Complex hardware including
SANs, RAID, and blade servers
Requirements for enterprise
hardware including high-availability, scalability, and interoperability
Backup procedures
present in a large organization
Chapter 14 Complete