Unit 15. Cities

WELCOME TO OUR CLASS 10/7
Where is the notebook?
Whose notebook is it?
Mr Brown
The notebook is Mr Brown’s. It is on the desk
The notebook which (that) is on the desk is Mr Brown’s.

My brother
The boy is my brother. He is playing football
The boy who (that) is playing football is my brother


The woman is very friendly. He is talking to her
The woman whom/who/that/x he is talking to is very friendly
Relative Clause
Relative pronouns& adverbs
EX:
-The notebook which (that) is on the desk is Mr Brown’s.

-The boy who (that) is playing football is my
brother.
-The woman whom/who/that /x he is talking to is very friendly
defining relative clause
Types of relative clause
1. Defining relative clause( mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu .Bỏ nó đi, câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa
Không dùng dấu phẩy trong loại mệnh đề này
- Có thể dùng “that’’ thay cho “ who, whom ,which”
- Có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi nó làm túc từ cho mệnh đề
Nguyen Du wrote Kieu’s story. He is a great Vietnamese poet.
Nguyen Du , who is a great Vietnamese poet, wrote Kieu’s story
Nguyen Ngoc Tu’s novel is very interesting. I read it last summer.
Nguyen Ngoc Tu’s novel , which I read last summer, is very interesting.
These fences are made of wood. They surround the house
These fences , which surround the house , are made of wood
2. Non -defining relative clause( mệnh đề quan hệ khong xác định)
EX:
-Nguyen Du , who is a great Vietnamese poet, wrote Kieu’s story
-Nguyen Ngoc Tu’s novel , which I read last summer, is very interesting.
-These fences , which surround the house , are made of wood
Non -defining relative clause
2.Non-defining relative clause( mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề không cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu .Bỏ nó đi , mệnh đề chính vẫn đầy đủ ý nghĩa đủ nghĩa
Mệnh đề này thường tách ra khỏi mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy
- Không thể dùng “that ‘ thay cho “ who, whom ,which”
- Không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong câu.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường đứng sau tiền ngữ là:
-Danh từ chì tên riêng
-Danh từ có tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách đứng trước: my, our, your, his , her, its ,their, Mai’s …+ noun
-Danh từ có tính từ chỉ thị nằm trước: this/ that/these/those+Noun
các từ sau đây có thể đứng trước who, whom, which: all of, any of, a few of, both of, each of , either of, half of, many of, most of, much of, none of, one of….
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
Washington DC____________ has many interesting and historical places to visit.
,which is located on the East Coast of the United States
, which is located on the East Coast of the United States,
, that is located on the East Coast of the United States
, who is located on the East Coast of the United States
2.The book ____ I need can’t be found in the library.
A. whose B. who C. which D. whom
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3.Mexico city,____ has a population of nearly 20,000,000, is the largest metropolitan area in the world.
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
4.My youngest sister________ has just got married.
,that you met at my house last week,
,who you met at my house last week
,whom you met at my house last week,
whom you met at my house last week
5.Thank you very much for the present ___ you sent me.
A.that B. which C. ø D. all are correct
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Combine the sentences using defining or non- defining relative clause
The teacher gave the dictionary to Peter. He was the best student in the class.
Ann has just got a scholarship to study abroad .I admire her.
I don’t like the stories . They have unhappy endings.
These students are explaining their absence to the teacher. These students didn’t come to class yesterday.
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Lucky Numbers
Lucky Numbers
The teacher gave the dictionary to Peter. He was the best student in the class.
.The teacher gave the dictionary to Peter, who was the best student in the class.
2. Ann has just got a scholarship to study abroad .
I admire her.
 Ann ,whom I admire ,has just got a scholarship to study abroad .
3. I don’t like the stories . They have unhappy endings.
I don’t like the stories which/that have
unhappy endings

 These students , who didn’t come to class yesterday, are explaining their absence to the teacher.
4.These students are explaining their absence to the teacher. These students didn’t come to class yesterday.
Lucky Numbers
Lucky Numbers
1.The teacher gave the dictionary to Peter, who was the best student in the class.
2.Ann ,whom I admire ,has just got a scholarship to study abroad .I admire her.
3.I don’t like the stories which/that have unhappy endings.
4.These students , who didn’t come to class yesterday,
are explaining their absence to the teacher.
They are disabled, but they try to study well.
Although/ Even though/ Though they are disabled, they try to study well.
Conjunctions of concession( although, even though, though)
Liên từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ dùng để nối hai mệnh đề diễn tả hai hành động tương phản nhau
EX:Although/ Even though/ Though they are disabled, they try to study well.
Although
Though +S + V + O , S+ V + O
Even though


although
S+ V + O though +S + V + O
even though



Exercise 2 : Combine the following sentences using although:
There is not much to do in the countryside. I prefer living in the countryside.
There is a lot of pollution in Los Angeles. It’s an ideal place to live.
The shops are crowded. People are not buying much.
Exercise 2 : Combine the following sentences using although
ANSWER KEY
Although there is not much to do in the countryside, I prefer living in the countryside.
3.Although the shops are crowded, people are not buying much.
2.Although there is a lot of pollution in Los Angeles, It’s an ideal place to live.
Choose the correct answers
_____, I can’t sleep.
Although I was tired
despite I was tired
Because I was tired
Even though being tired
2_____he had been prevented from studying by his illness, he passed the final exam last year.
But B. Despite
C. Even though D. In spite of
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3. I had a terrible headache, but I followed the group to see the sights.
Even though I had a terrible headache, but I followed the group to see the sights.
Though I had a terrible headache, but I followed the group to see the sights.
Although I had a terrible headache, I followed the group to see the sights.
Despite having a terrible headache, but I followed the group to see the sights.
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4. In spite of catching a bad cold, Nam went to school last Friday.
Although Nam catches a bad cold, he went to school last Friday.
Though Nam catches a bad cold, he went to school last Friday.
Even though Nam caught a bad cold, he went to school last Friday.
Although Nam caught a bad cold, but he went to school last Friday.

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5. Despite the narrow and crowded street, he is driving too fast.
Although the street is narrow and crowded , but he is driving too fast.
B. Although the street was narrow and crowded , he is driving too fast.
C. He is driving too fast though the street is narrow and crowded .
D. He is driving too fast even though the street were narrow and crowded

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Look at the pictures and write sentences contain relative clauses
-The boy who/ that is sleeping in the class is my friend
- My friend, who is sleeping in the class, stayed up late last night
The little girl who/ that/whom/x you met at the supermarket last night is carrying the red umbrella.
Mai, who is carrying the red umbrella, is a good pupil.
His little sister , who is carrying the red umbrella, is lovely.
The mechanic that/ who/ whom/ x you met yesterday is repairing my bike.
The mechanic that/ who/ is repairing my bike is his uncle.
That mechanic, who works in the factory, is repairing my bike.
Look at the pictures and write sentences contain conjunction of concession
Although/ Though/ Even though it is raining heavily, the students still go to school.
Even though/ Although/ Though he is poor, he is kind/ helpful.
Though/ Even though/ Although he is old, he takes part in a competition
SUMMARY:
Relative clause: Defining relative clause
Non- defining relative clause
- Conjunction of concession
HOMEWORK:
Do the rest of the exercises at home.
Learn the lesson.
Prepare unit 16(reading)
Thank you for your attendance
GOODBYE