Unit 10. Life on other planets

TO OUR CLASS 9C!
School year : 2016 - 2017
REVISION
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Thực hiện:
PHẠM TRƯỜNG ANH
PERIOD : 66
DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
(Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ)
A relative clause is used to form one sentence from two separate sentences by a relative pronoun or a relative adverb : (Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ hay các trạng từ quan hệ)
Eg: 1/ The men are angry. 2/ The men are in this room.
These centences can also be writen as:
The men who are in this this room are angry
II. USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS -(Cách dùng Đại từ quan hệ)
Remember the following rule:
...who + verb...
... Whom + noun...
The men who are in this this room are angry
Verb
The men whom I don’t like are angry
n
WHICH:
Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó.
- Theo sau which có thể là một động từ hoặc một chủ ngữ.
Eg: - The street which leads to my house is rather slippery. (which làm chủ ngữ)
- The book which I bought yesterday was very interesting. (which làm tân ngữ)
Note: -Khi WHICH làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ which.
The book I bought yesterday was very interesting.
WHOSE: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu của người hay vật.

- Theo sau Whose luôn là 1 danh từ.
Eg: -The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
 The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.
- John found a cat. Its leg was broken.
 John found a cat whose leg was broken.
Cách dùng  WHOSE và OF WHICH
WHOSE: dùng cả cho người và vật
This is the book .Its cover is nice
-> This is the book whose cover is nice .
-> This is the book the cover of which is nice

WHOSE: đứng trước danh từ
OF WHICH: đứng sau danh từ (danh từ đó phải thêm THE)
OF WHICH: chỉ dùng cho vật, không dùng cho người.

Eg:
This is the man. His son is my friend.
-> This is the man the son of which is my friend. (sai )
-> This is the man whose son is my friend. (đúng )
THAT can be used instead of the Who, Whom, Which the kind of Difining relative Clause

Eg:
This is the book that I like best.
That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom.
My father is the person that I admire most.
Grammar practice:
ex:
Nga: This is the girl who lives near my house.
Mai:The students are kind. They helped us .
Nga:The students who helped us are kind.
Mai:The students are kind. He talked to them last night.
Nga:The students (to) whom he talked (to ) last night are kind.
Mai:Those are the flowers . The flowers (they) are very beautiful.
Nga: Those are the flowers which are very beautiful.
defining clause


Mai: She is the girl.
She lives near my house.
*Relative pronoun:
Are the words that follow the noun or the phrasal noun preceding and modify the meanings for these nouns or noun phrases.
There are five relative pronouns:


Who: N ( person) ( who + S... )
Whom: N ( person) ( whom + V... )
Which : N ( thing) ( which + S / V... )
That : N (thing, person) ( that + S/V... )
Whose ( whose + N ... )
Who,
Whom,
Which,
That,
Whose.
ENGLISH
CONTEST
Questions for team 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
I live in Dalat….is one of the most beautiful cities of Vietnam
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D . which
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
The people ….live in Greece speak Greek
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. whom
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
Auld lang syne is a song ….is sung on New Year’s Eve
B. who
C . which
D. when
A. whom
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
Peter,…..can compose many pieces of music ,sing very well
A. whose
D . who
C. whom
B. which
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
Do you know the man ….you meet yesterday ?
A. who
B . whom
C. whose
D. which
ENGLISH
CONTEST
Questions for team 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
The men and animals …you saw on television were from Chine
A. who
B . that
C. whom
D. which
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off


Tet is a festival …occurs in late January or early February
A. when
B. whom
C. who
D. which
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
The car ….he has just bought is very expensive
A. who
B . which
C. whom
D. whose
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off
Do you know the woman …was hurt in the accident ?
D. whose
A . who
C. which
B. whom
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Time off

It’s a book …will interest children of all ages
A. who
B . which
C. whom
D. whose
USE RELATIVE CLAUSES
Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year’s Eve.

This watch is a gift. The watch was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birhtday.

My friend Tom can compose songs . Tom sings Western folk songs very well.

We often go to the town cultural house. The town cultural house always opens on public holidays.

I like reading books. Books tell about different peoples and their cultures.

On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses. The roses were very sweet and beautiful.

Judy liked the full-moon festival very much. The festival is celebrated in mid-fall.

Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends. My friends come to stay with us during the Christmas

Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New year’s Eve.
This watch is a gift which was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birthday.
My friend Tom, who sings Western folk songs, very well can compose songs .
We often go to the town cutural house, which always opens on public holidays
I like reading books which tell about different peoles and their cultures.
On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses ,which were very sweet and beautiful.
Judy liked the full – moon festival very much,which is celebrated in mid- fall .
Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends, who come to stay with us during the Christmas.
Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on early February.
- Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on early February.
b) This watch is the gift . The watch was given by my aunt on 14th birthday.
- This watch is the gift which was given to me by my aunt on 14th birthday.
c) My friend Tom can composes songs. Tom sings Western folksongs very well,
- My friend Tom, who sings Western folksongs very well, can composes songs.
d) We often go to the town cultural house. The town culture house always opens on public holidays.
- We often go to the town cultural house, which always opens on public holidays.

e) I like reading the books . Books tell about different peoples and their cultures
- I like reading the books which tell about different peoples and their cultures
f) On my mom’s birthday, my dad gave her roses . The roses were very sweet and beautiful.
- On my mom’s birthday, my dad gave her roses which were very sweet and beautiful.
g) Judy likes the full moon festival . The festival is celebrated in mid- fall very much.
- Judy likes the full moon festival which is celebrated in mid- fall very much.
h) Tomorrow I will go to the airport to meet my friend. My friends comes to stay with us during Christmas.
- Tomorrow I will go to the airport to meet my friend, who comes to stay with us during Christmas.
1. JOIN THE SENTENCES. USE RELATIVE CLAUSES
Auld Lang Syne is a song. Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year’s Eve.

This watch is a gift. The watch was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birhtday.

My friend Tom can compose songs . Tom sings Western folk songs very well.

We often go to the town cultural house. The town cultural house always opens on public holidays.

I like reading books. Books tell about different peoples and their cultures.

On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses. The roses were very sweet and beautiful.

Judy liked the full-moon festival very much. The festival is celebrated in mid-fall.

Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends. My friends come to stay with us during the Christmas

Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New year’s Eve.
This watch is a gift which was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birthday.
My friend Tom, who sings Western folk songs, very well can compose songs .
We often go to the town cutural house, which always opens on public holidays
I like reading books which tell about different peoles and their cultures.
On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses ,which were very sweet and beautiful.
Judy liked the full – moon festival very much,which is celebrated in mid- fall..
Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends, who come to stay with us during the Christmas.
III. USING THE RELATIVE ADVERBS
(Cách dùng các Trạng từ quan hệ)
IV. TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES - CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

There are three types of relative clauses
3. Serial relative clause
- Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp
1. Defining relative clause
– Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
2. Non-defining relative clause
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
1. Defining relative clause:
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng của câu, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.

(Difining relative clause is used to modify the noun in front, is an important part of the sentence, if leaving it, the mean of sentence is not clear.)

Eg. - The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.
-The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.
Describe each of the people in the pictures . Use the relatives clauses:
Ex:


My mom





who is standing behind my mom.
I am the boy
who is wearing a white pull and dark blue trousers
is the woman who is sitting in an armchair / receiving the gift from the little girl.
My family
My uncle’s family
S + be + the + N /N –phrase + who + be + V-ing ( + O )
Describe each of the people in the pictures. Use relative clause.
I/ the boy/wear / a white T-shirt
I am the boy who is wearing a white T -shirt
Mom/ the woman / sit / an armchair.
Mom is the woman who is sitting on an armchair
Linda / the girl / give / her mom / a gift
Linda is the girl who is giving her mom a gift
Dad / the man / stand / Linda
Dad is the man who is standing behind Linda
Uncle John / the man / wear/ a pink jumper
Uncle John is the man who is wearing a pink jumper.
Grandmother / the woman / give / Jack / a gift.
Grandmother is the woman who is givingJack a gift.
Aunt Judy / the woman / hold / Jack
My Aunt Judy is the woman who is holding Jack.
Jack /the boy / sit / his mother’s lap
Jack is the boy who is sitting on his mother’s lap.
b) Which country won the 1998 Tiger Cup? (Singapore)
- The country…
c) Which animal has one or two horns on its snout? (rhinoceros)
- The animal …

d) Which explorer discovered America? (Christopher Columbus)
- The explorer …

e) Which planet is closest to the Earth? (Venus)
- The planet …
which won the 1998 Tiger Cup is Singapore.
which has one or two horns on its snout
is rhinoceros.
who discovered America is Christopher
Columbus.
which is closest to the Earth is Venus.
Use your knowledge to answer the questions
f) Which animal in Viet Nam was chosen to be the logo of Sea Games 2003? (buffalo)
The animal …

g) Which ASEAN country is divided into two regions by the sea? (Malaysia)
- The ASEAN country…

h) Which food you can chew but you cannot swallow and which one you can swallow but you cannot chew? (chewing gum / water)
- The food…


which was chosen to be the logo of Sea Games
2003 in VN is buffalo.
which is divided into two regions
by the sea is Malaysia.
which we can chew but we cannot swallow is
chewing gum and the food that you can swallow
but you cannot chew is water.
REVISION
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Thực hiện:
PHẠM TRƯỜNG ANH
PERIOD : 67
Describe each of the people in the pictures . Use the relatives clauses:
Ex:


My mom





who is standing behind my mom.
I am the boy
who is wearing a white pull and dark blue trousers
is the woman who is sitting in an armchair / receiving the gift from the little girl.
My family
My uncle’s family
S + be + the + N /N –phrase + who + be + V-ing ( + O )
EX:. likes playing guitar lives on Trang Tien Street.
He
Ba
,who
lives on Trang Tien Street,
likes playing guitar.
Ex: Mrs Hoa is is wearing a blue dress.
the woman.
She
who
Mrs Hoa is the woman
is wearing a blue dress.
1. Lan is the girl . She is sitting behind me.

2. This is Huong. She is my close friend.
Lan is the girl who is sitting behind me.
This is Huong who is my close friend.
2. Non-defining relative clause
Non-defining relative clause is used to modify the noun in front, a further explanation, if leaving it, the mean of main clause is clear.

Non-defining relative clause is usually separated with defining relative clause by commas (,).

- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là phần giải thích thêm, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy.
2. Non-defining relative clause
Eg.
My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor.
This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter.
Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.
2. Non-defining relative clause
* Notes:
Để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng.
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ đi với this, that, these, those
3. Serial relative clause
Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ which và dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở cuối câu.

Eg.
He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me.
(Anh ấy ngưỡng môn ông Brown, điều này làm tôi ngạc nhiên)

Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad.
(Mary xé thư của Tom, khiến anh buồn.)
V. OMISSION RELATIVE PRONOUNS
LƯỢT BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ.

Không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi sau nó là 1 động từ hoặc trước nó là 1 giới từ. Muốn lược bỏ ta phải đưa giới từ về cuối mệnh đề.


Eg:
1. The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.
ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ "whom" vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và sau nó là 1 mệnh đề.
2. The doctor who treated me told me not to worry.
KHÔNG ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ vì sau nó là 1 động từ.
3. Miss White, whom I invited to my party, didn`t come.
KHÔNG ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu phẩy)
4. The people with whom I went on holiday were very kind.
KHÔNG ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ vì có giới từ đứng trước nó.
V. OMISSION RELATIVE PRONOUNS
LƯỢT BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
VI. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
(There are four ways to reduce clause)
1. Using present participial phrases (Sử dụng hiện tại phân từ)
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing
WHO
WHICH + V + … V -ING + …
THAT
Eg.
The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
The man sitting to you is my uncle.

Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
 Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
VI. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

2. Using past participial phrase (Sử dụng cụm quá khứ phân từ)
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle
WHO
WHICH + BE + V-ed/V3 + … V-ed/ V3 + …
THAT

Eg:
1. The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
 The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

2. The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.
 The students punished by the teacher are lazy.

3. The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Pike.
 The house built now belongs to Mr. Pike.
VI. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

2. Using infinitive phrase (Sử dụng cụm từ nguyên mẫu)
Sau danh từ có bổ ngữ là the first/second..., sau the last/ only và đôi khi sau so sánh nhất ta có thể thay thế bằng cụm từ nguyên mẫu.

Eg:
He is the last man who left the ship
 He is the last man to leave the ship.

2. The only one who understood that problem was M.r Pike.
 The only one to understand that problem was M.r Pike.
3. Using noun phrases (Sử dụng cụm danh từ)
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định có cấu trúc
“ S + be + noun. ” có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh từ.
Eg:
1. George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a general in the army.
 George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a general in the army.

2. We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.
 We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.
VI. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

RELATIVE CLAUSES – Mệnh đề quan hệ
SUMMARY - Tóm tắt nội dung
II. USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
III. USING THE RELATIVE ADVERBS - CÁCH DÙNG CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
IV. TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES - CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
V. OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS – LƯỢC BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
II. USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
II. USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
I. DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES – ĐỊNH NGHĨA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
II. USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
VII. EXERCISE – BÀI TẬP
VI. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES – RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ