Unit 1. A visit from a pen pal

LANGUAGE FOCUS
ENGLISH 9
UNIT 1: A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL
1. The simple past tense.
2. The simple past tense in “wish- clause”
3. Used to + Vo
I. Grammar and Structure:
II. Exercises:
1. Multiple choice:
2. Give the correct tense of the verbs in the brackets.
3. Give the correct form of the words
4. Rewrite sentences beginning with “S + wish…”
5. Rewrite sentences beginning with “S + used to + Vo…”
6. Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
7. Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
8. Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.


Simple past and Past subjunctive
Ex: - She wishes that she was a doctor. (incorrect)
- She wishes that she were a doctor. (correct)
III. Common mistakes:
2. “Used to + V…” is not used in the present.
Ex: - He uses to smoke. (Incorrect)
3. “Used to + V…” is different from “To be used to + V.ing”
- He smokes. (Correct)
- He used to get up late. => a past habit
- He is used to getting up late. => a habit in the present.
= He is accustomed to getting up late.
UNIT 2: CLOTHING
I. Grammar and Structure:
1. The present perfect tense
2. Passive voice
II. Exercises:
Put the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Give the correct form of the words
Change the following sentences from the active into the passive.
Read the first sentence, and then complete the second sentence with the same meaning.
(The past simple and The present perfect)
III. Common mistakes:
Intransitive and transitive verbs:
Some verbs are rarely used in the passive form: die, drive, fit, have, lack, suit…
Ex: Nam has a new bike. (Correct)
A new bike is had by Nam (Incorrect)
2. The past simple and the present perfect tense:
Ex: I’ve lived in HCM City for 5 years.
Ex: I lived in HCM City for 5 years.
UNIT 3: A TRIP TO THE COUNTRYSIDE
I. Grammar and Structure:
1. Modal “Could” with “Wish - clause”
2. Prepositions of time
3. Adverbial clause of result
II. EXERCISES:
1. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.
2. Rewrite the sentences with “Wish”
3. Rewrite the sentences with “So” and “Between”
4. Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
5. Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
6. Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
III. Common mistakes:
1. Prepositions:
- He left in March,10th 2008. (Incorrect)
Notice: - No prepositions before yesterday/tomorrow/next/last/this/that…+ N(time)
2. When translating into Vietnamese, Students often use both because and so in the same sentence.
Because I got up late, so I missed the bus. (Incorrect)
Because I got up late, I missed the bus. (Correct)
I got up late, so I missed the bus. (Correct)
UNIT 4: LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
I. Grammar and Structure:
1. Modal verbs with If- clause
2. Direct and reported speech
Notice: If verbs in the introductive clause use in present perfect, present simple, present continuous, simple future, verbs in the reported speech will not be changed.
Ex: She says, “I can speak English.”
=> She says that she can speak English.
II. EXERCISES:
Supply the correct form of the verbs
Give the correct form of the words
Rewrite the sentences. (If-clause/ Reported speech)
III. Common mistakes:
1. No change “Pronouns/adverb of place, time and adjectives pronouns”…
Ex: Bill said to me; “I am using your computer now.”
Bill told me (that) I was using your computer now. (Incorrect)
Bill told me (that) he was using his computer then. (Correct)
2. Delay of the verbs.
3. Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
4. Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
5. Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
UNIT 5: THE MEDIA
I. Grammar and Structure:
Tag-questions:
If subjects in the main clause are “nothing, everything, all”, ones on the tag are “it”
If subjects in the main clause are “nobody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone”, ones on the tag are “they”
Negative words such as nobody, no one, never, rarely, seldom, scarcely, little and hardly.
Ex: Everything is all right, isn’t it?
Nobody can follow him, can they?
2. Gerund after some verbs:
II. EXERCISES:
1. Tag-questions:
Multiple choice
Complete the sentences
2. Gerund after some verbs:
Give the correct forms of the verbs.
Rewrite the sentences
III. Common mistakes:
Students often use negative tags, when the main clause contains never, nobody, hardly, scarcely …
Subjects as Nouns must be changed into pronouns.
Ex: a/ You never say what you are thinking, don’t you? (Incorrect)
You never say what you are thinking, do you? (Correct)
b/ Nam is a good student, isn’t Nam? (Incorrect)
Nam is a good student, isn’t he? (Correct)
UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
I. Grammar and Structure:
Adjectives and adverbs:
a/ Linking verbs + adjectives
(be, become, look, seem, feel…)
Ex: She is clever.
You look beautiful in your new dress.
She looked at me angrily.
b/ Indefinite pronouns + Adjectives
(something, anything, everything, someone,…)
Ex: I have something interesting to tell you.
c/ Adjectives + adverbs
(too, very, quite, extremely…)
Ex: My friend speaks English very well.
d/ Adverbs modify the whole sentence.
Ex: Luckily, he caught the first bus.
2. Adverbial clause of reason
a/ because/ since/ as/ seeing that + clause…
Ex: He failed the exam because he was lazy.
Ex: As she was too lazy, she failed the exam.
b/ Because of + Noun/Noun phrase/ Ving
Ex: Because of her sickness, she had to stay in bed.
3. Adjective + that – clause
(Some adjectives express feeling, certainty, possibility …)
Ex: We are sure that she will not come.
4. Conditional sentence Type 1
* Notice: If…not = Unless.
Ex: If you don’t work harder, you will fail the final examination.
Unless you learn harder, you will fail the final examination.
II. Exercises:
Give the correct form of the verbs.
Give the correct form of the words
Multiple choice with adjectives and adverbs.
Rewrite the sentences.
III. Common mistakes:
Adjectives and adverbs
So and because are used in the one sentence.
Because and because of
UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY
I. Grammar and Structure:
Connectives:
(and, or, therefore, because, so, however)
2. Phrase verbs:
(Turn off, turn on, look for, look after, go on)
3. Making suggestions:
I suggest + Ving
I suggest (that) S + Vo…
I suggest (that) S + should + Vo…
What/How about + Ving/ (one’s Ving)…?
Let’s + Vo…
I think (that) ….
II. Exercises:
Multiple choice
Give the correct forms of the verbs
Give the correct form of the words
Rewrite the sentences
Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
III. Common mistakes:
Using “should” in the direct speech “I suggest…”
2. Using indirect object after Suggest.
Ex:
My friend suggested me to learn harder. (Incorrect)
My friend suggested learning harder. (Correct)
My friend suggested I should learn harder. (Correct )
UNIT 8: CELEBRATIONS
Grammar and Structures:
Relative clauses:
Relative pronouns: who, which
Relative adverbs: Why, when, where
2. Adverbial clause of concession:
But
Although, though, even though
In spite of , Despite
II. Exercises:

Multiple choice
Give the correct forms of the verbs
Give the correct form of the words
Rewrite the sentences
Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
III. Common mistakes:
1. Although , Though, even though and but may be used in the one sentence due to its Vietnamese meaning.
Ex:
Although they are very rich, but they aren’t happy. (Incorrect)
They are very rich, but they aren’t happy. (Correct)
Although they are very rich, they aren’t happy. (Correct)
2. Relative pronouns and their replacements are used at the same time.
Ex:
He has found the car keys which you were looking for them. (Incorrect)
He has found the car keys which you were looking for. (Correct)
UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS
Grammar and Structure:
Relative clause:
a/ Relative pronouns: Who, whom, which, that, whose.
b/ Prepositions + whom/which
Ex:
- He is the man whom you have spoken to.
- He is the man to whom you have spoken.
II. Exercises:
Multiple choice
Give the correct form of the words
Rewrite the sentences
Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
III. Common mistakes:
- How to recognize placed pronouns .
UNIT 10: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
I. Grammar and Structure:
Modal: may, might
Ex: I may go to the cinema with you tonight. (50 %)
I might go to the cinema with you tonight. (30 %)
2. Conditional sentences: Type 1 and Type 2
II. Common mistakes:
1. She may to do the housework now.
2. He mays miss the bus.
3. They don’t may come and see the things on display.
4. If I was you, I will learn harder.
II. Exercises:
Multiple choice
Give the correct form of the words
Rewrite the sentences
a/ Perhaps/may/might
b/ If / Unless
4. Find and correct mistakes in the sentences.
5. Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
6. Use the suggested words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
THE END