TỔNG HỢP CÁC LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG E
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Ngày 19/10/2018 |
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Chia sẻ tài liệu: TỔNG HỢP CÁC LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG E thuộc Tiếng Anh 9
Nội dung tài liệu:
Common Errors in English by Paul Brians
[email protected]
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/
(Brownie points to anyone who catches inconsistencies between the main site and this
version.)
Note that italics are deliberately omitted on this page.
What is an error in English?
The concept of language errors is a fuzzy one. I`ll leave to linguists the technical definitions.
Here we`re concerned only with deviations from the standard use of English as judged by
sophisticated users such as professional writers, editors, teachers, and literate executives and
personnel officers. The aim of this site is to help you avoid low grades, lost employment
opportunities, lost business, and titters of amusement at the way you write or speak.
But isn`t one person`s mistake another`s standard usage?
Often enough, but if your standard usage causes other people to consider you stupid or
ignorant, you may want to consider changing it. You have the right to express yourself in any
manner you please, but if you wish to communicate effectively you should use nonstandard
English only when you intend to, rather than fall into it because you don`t know any better.
I`m learning English as a second language. Will this site help me improve my English?
Very likely, though it`s really aimed at the most common errors of native speakers. The errors
others make in English differ according to the characteristics of their first languages. Speakers
of other languages tend to make some specific errors that are uncommon among native
speakers, so you may also want to consult sites dealing specifically with English as a second
language (see http://www.cln.org/subjects/esl_cur.html and
http://esl.about.com/education/adulted/esl/). There is also a Help Desk for ESL students at
Washington State University at http://www.wsu.edu/~gordonl/ESL/. An outstanding book you
may want to order is Ann Raimes` Keys for Writers. This is not a question-and-answer site for
ESL.
Aren`t some of these points awfully picky?
This is a relative matter. One person`s gaffe is another`s peccadillo. Some common
complaints about usage strike me as too persnickety, but I`m just covering mistakes in
English that happen to bother me. Feel free to create your own page listing your own pet
peeves, but I welcome suggestions for additions to these pages.
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What gives you the right to say what an error in English is?
I could take the easy way out and say I`m a professor of English and do this sort of thing for a
living. True, but my Ph.D. is in comparative literature, not composition or linguistics, and I
teach courses in the history of ideas rather than language as such. But I admire good writing
and try to encourage it in my students.
Why do you discuss mainly American usage?
Because I`m an American, my students are mostly American, most English-speaking Web
users are Americans, and American English is quickly becoming an international standard. I
am slowly reworking the site to take note of American deviations from standard British
practice. However, the job is complicated by the fact that Canadians, Australians, and many
others often follow patterns somewhere between the two. If the standard usage where you
are differs from what is described here, tell me about it; and if I think it`s important to do so,
I`ll note that fact. Meanwhile, just assume that this site is primarily about American English.
Isn`t it oppressive of immigrants and subjugated minorities to insist on the use of standard
English?
Language standards can certainly be used for oppressive purposes, but most speakers and
writers of all races and classes want to use language in a way that will impress others. The
fact is that the world is full of teachers, employers, and other authorities who may penalize
you for your nonstandard use of the English language. Feel free to denounce these people if
you wish; but if you need their good opinion to get ahead, you`d be wise to learn standard
English. Note that I often suggest differing usages as appropriate depending on the setting:
spoken vs. written, informal vs. formal; slang is often highly appropriate. In fact, most of the
errors discussed on this site are common in the writing of privileged middle-class Americans,
and some are characteristic of people with advanced degrees and considerable intellectual
attainments. However you come down on this issue, note that the great advantage of an
open Web-based educational site like this is that it`s voluntary: take what you want and
leave the rest. It`s interesting that I have received hundreds of messages from non-native
speakers thanking me for these pages and
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