TOEFL iBT READING

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THU NGÂN,NGỌC THẢO,DIỄM HƯƠNG,PHƯƠNG HUYỀN.
LECTURER: BÙI THỊ HỒNG ANH

TOEFL IBT READING






What is the abbreviation of the TOEFL iBT ?

What is the purpose of the TOEFL iBT ?
TOEFL IBT READING
I. 1.The 10 types of TOEFL IBT reading questions.
2. How to recognize each reading question type.
3.Tips for answering each reading question type.
II.Strategies for raising your TOEFL Reading score .
How many passages are there in TOEFL IBT Reading section?
How many words and questions are there in passage?

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The passages will cover a variety of different subjects.
All TOEFL passages are classified into three basic categories based on authtor purpose: (1) exposition, (2) argumentation, and (3) historical.
Common types of organization you should be able to recognize are:
Classification
Comparison/ contrast
Cause/ effect
Problem/ solution
There are 10 types in TOEFL IBT:
Basic information and inferencing questions
Reading to learn questions
Basic information and inferencing questions :
Factual information questions.
negative factual information.
Inferencing questions.
Rhetorical purpose questions.
Vocabulary questions.
Reference questions.
Sentence simplification questions.
Insert text questions.
Reading to learn questions
Prose summary.
Fill in a table.
Type 1: Factual information questions
These question ask you to indentify factual information that is explicitly stated in the passages. Factual information questions can focus on facts, details, definitions, or other information presented by the author .

How to recognize factual information questions?
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Tips for factual information questions:

You may need to refer back to the passage in order to know what exactly is said about the subject of the question. Since the question may be about a detail, you may not recall the detail from your first reading of the passage.
Eliminate choices that present information that is contradicted in the passage .
Do not select an answer just because it is mentioned in the passage. Your choice should answer the specific question that was asked.
Example:
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It should be obvious that cetaceans- Whales, porpoises, and dolphins- are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land- dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lion, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record . How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
It cannot yield clues about the orgins of cetaceans.

choice B is correct

Type 2: Negative factual information questions.
These questions ask you to verify what information is not true and what information that is explicitly stated in the passage.

How to recognize negative factual information questions?
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Tips for negative factual information questions:
Usually a negative factual information question requires you to check more of the passage than a factual information question. The three choices that are mentioned in the passage may be spread across a paragraph or several pharagraphs.
In negative factual information questions, the correct answer either directly contradicts one or more statements in the passage or is not mentioned in the passage at all.
After you finish a negative factual information question, check your answer to makin the passage sure you have accurately understood the task .
Type 3: Inference Questions
These questions measure your ability to comprehend an argument or an idea that is strongly implied but not explicitly stated in the text.

How to recognize inference questions?
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Tips for Inference questions:
Make sure your answer does not contracdict the main idea of the passage.
Don’t choose an answer just because it seems important or true. The correct answer must be inferable from the passage.
You should be able to defend your choice by pointing to expecitly stated information in the passage that leads to the inference you have selected.
Type 4: Rhetorical purpose questions
Rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing effectively. In factual information questions you are asked what information an author has presented. In rhetorical purpose questions you are asked why the author has presented a particular piece of information in a particular place and maner. Rhetorical purpose questions ask you to show that you understand the rhetorical function of a statement or paragraph as it relates to the rest of the passage.

How to recognize rhetorical purpose questions ?
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Tips for rhetorical purpose questions
Know the definitions of these words or phases, which are often used to describe different kinds of rhetorical purposes, “definition”, “example”, “to illustrate”, “to explain”, “to contrast”, “to refute”, “to note”, “to criticize”, “function of”.
Rhetorical purpose questions usually do not ask about the overall organization of the reading passage. Instead, they typically focus on the logical links between sentences and paragraphs.
Type 5: vocabulary questions
These questions ask you to identify the meaning of individual words and phrases as they are used in the reading passage ( a word might have more than one meaning, but in the reading passage, only one of those meanings is relevant). Vocabulary is chosen as it actually occurs in the passage.

How to recognize vocabulary questions?
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Tips for vocabulary questions:
Remember that the question is not just asking the meaning of a word; it asking for the meaning as it is used in passage. Do not just choose an answer ust because it can be a correct meaning of the word; understand which meaning the author is using in the passage.
Reread the sentence in the passage, substituting the word or phrase you have chosen. Confirm that the sentence still makes sense in the context of the whole passage.
Types 6: reference questions
These questions ask you to identify referential relationships between the word in the passage.
Often, the relationship is between a pronoun and its antecedent ( the word to which the pronoun refers). Sometimes other kinds of grammatical reference are tested (like which or this).

How to recognize reference questions?
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Tips for reference questions
If the reference question is about a pronoun, make sure your answer is the same number( singular or plural) and case (first person, second person, third person) as the highlighted pronoun.
Substitute your choice for the highlighted word or words in the sentence. Does it violate any grammar rules? Does it make sense?
Type 7: sentence simplification questions
In this type of question you are asked to choose a sentence that has the same essen-tial meaning as a sentence that occurs in the passage. Not every reading set includes a sentence simplification question. There is never more than one in a set.


How to recognize sentence simplification questions?
Tips for sentence simplification questions:
Make sure you understand both ways a choice can be incorrect:
it contradicts something in the highlighted sentence.
It leaves out something important from the highlighted sentence.
Make sure your answer does not contradict the main argument of the paragraph in wich the sentence occurs, or the passage as a whole.
Type 8: insert text questions
In this type of question, you are given a new sentence and are asked where in the passage it would best fit. You need to understand the logic of the passage, as well as the grammatical connections between sentences. Not every set includes an insert text question. There never more than one in a set.

How to recognize insert text questions?
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Tips for insert text questions
Try the sentence in each of the places indicated by the squares . you can place and replace the sentence as many time as you want.
Look at both the structure of the sentence you are inserting and the logic. Pay special attention to logical connecting words; they can provide important information about where the sentence should be placed.
Frequently used connecting words:
On the other hand
For example
On the contrary
Similarly
In contrast
Further, or furthermore
Therefore
in other words
as a result
finally
make sure that the inserted sentence connects logically to both the sentence before it and the sentence after it.
Type 9: prose summary questions
These items measure your ability to understand and recognize the major ideas and the relative importance of information in s passage.
In a prose summary question, you will be given six answer choices and asked to pick three that express the most important ideas in the passage.
EXAMPLE:
ELIZABETHAN THEATER
In England before the late 1500s, many actors traveled. They went in small bands from town to town. In the towns, they performed in the courtyards of inns or taverns. These actors gave shows with plays, songs, and dances. These kinds of shows became very popular. Special theaters resembling inn courtyards were even built! This was the beginning of the golden age of Elizabethan theater.(Elizabethan I was the queen of England at that time)
One of the most popular playwrights of this time was William Shakespeare. Some people think he may be the greatest playwright in any language. He wrote play for everyone. Most of the people had simple ways and not much education. This didn’t stop them from really loving his plays.
The golden age of Elizabethan theater lasted through the 1600s. this period was a golden age of theater for Spain and France as well. Thousand of plays were written and performed. Some of these were tragedies, but most were comedies. There were also many satires. Satires are plays that make fun of someone or something in order to highlight a problem. Often, a satire is about a country’s leader. Many of the plays written at this time are still enjoyed today.
Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belongs in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.

These performances were often given in courtyards and inns.
Actors traveled from town o town giving performances, and these shows became very popular.
One of the playwrights at this time was William Shakespeare, who is still vey popular today.
France and Spain also had a golden age of theater.
This age of plays lasted about 100 years, with many different types of plays being written.
There were many satires performed at this time, mostly against the country’s leaders.
Correct choices B,C,E.
Type 10:Fill in the table questions
In this kind of item, you will be given a partially completed classification table based on information in the passage. Your job is to complete the table by clicking on correct answer choices and dragging them to their correct locations in the table.
Improving your performance on TOEFL IBT reading questions
There are some suggestions for ways to buid skills for the three reading purposes covered by TOEFL IBT:
reading to find information.
reading for basic comprehension.
reading to learn.
SUMMARY:TOEFL IBT READING

I. 1.The 10 types of TOEFL IBT reading questions.
2. How to recognize each reading question type.
3.Tips for answering each reading question type.
II.Strategies for raising your TOEFL Reading score .
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!