Tieng anh

HELLO EVERYONE
GROUP 1
PRONOUN
DEFINITION
Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or group of words used as a noun in a sentence .
RELATIVE PRONOUN
A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun that often introduces dependent clauses in sentence. They also an stand alone as the subject or object of sentence.
Relative pronoun introduce relative clause . The relative pronouns are who , whom , which ,that ,where ,when, whose....The relative pronouns , we use depend on what are referring and the type of relative clauses
For example: I saw two women who were playing volleyball together.
THE USE OF RELATIVE PRONOUN:
A /who:
Subject or Object refer to people .We use it to introduce defining and non defining clause.
For example :
The woman who I saw yesterday was Harry.(who refer to the woman and is the object of saw in defining )
There is this guy , who is one of my friends , he is never been on a train (non defining)
D been
B.WHOM
We use whom refer to people when the person is the object of verb
For example:
This is a boy whom I love .(whom refer boy and it is the object of the verb love /defining )
C.WHICH
Object and subject pronoun used for animals ,things ,
For examle:
My uncle give me a dog which had been bought in Japan.(which is subject refer a dog)
D.WHOSE
We usually use whose as a relative pronoun to indicate possession by people and animals.
In more formal styles we can also use it for things. We use whose before Noun instead of a possessive expression(my , your ,his , her ,it, our, their,) in defining and non defining clause.
For example:
The woman whose car is in front of the hospital is a doctor(whose refer man to possessive of man in a car )
E.THAT
Subject or Object pronoun .We use that instead of who , whom , which , in relative clause to refer to people ,animals , things in defining clause.
In special way we often use that after superlative
For example :
The Saigon is the finest city that I have ever seen .
That is used after order number , and after words all, only, very,....
F.WHEN,WHY,WHERE
.We often use when , why, where in defining relative clauses instead of on / for / at which .
When:(times) ,why(reason),where(places)
For example :
I never forget the day when my grandfather died.

I always remember the village where I living with my grandmother during my childhood.
Do you know the reason why the shop is closed to day.



EXERCISE : Fill in the blank with an appropriate relative pronoun to make correct sentence:
A man can not see , is a blind.

2. The motorcycle You like to buy is too old.

3.The woman of You spoke yesterday is not here.


4.They are closing the school I studied when I was child.
who
which
whom
where
What is a possessive pronoun?
For example
This dog is mine

My car is a lot faster than yours
A possessive pronoun is the ownership of personal pronoun, used to refer to what belongs to someone.
The form of possessive pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
I
You
He
She
We
They
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Ours
Theirs
The use of possessive pronouns
Possessive pronoun has no following noun. It replace the possessive adjective plus of noun.
For example:
Can I borrow yours keys? I can’t fine mine.
[mine = my keys]
You are using my pen. Where’s yours?
[yours = your pen]
Possessive pronoun can be used before the noun it replace.
Example:
Ours is the four house on the left
[Ours = our house]
Not use article before possessive pronoun.
Example:
That coat is mine.
[NOT: That coat is the mine]
Note:
Some times , we can see possessive pronoun behind preposition “ of ”. This combination is called double possessive.
Example:
Tom is a friend of mine.
[A friend of mine = one of my friend]
Exercise:
Rewrite sentences unchanged means using possessive pronoun.(possessive pronoun = possessive adj + noun )
1. It’s my hat
That hat is mine
2.This is his rule
This rule is his
3.It’s your desk
That desk is yours
4.This is our pencil
This pencil is ours
5. This is their books
This book is theirs
What is a reciprocal pronoun?
A Reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun which is used to indicate mutual relationship between two or more people or things together.
It’s include each other and one another. They have the same meaning is “ nhau ”, “ lẫn nhau ”
Example
Sue and Ann don`t like each other
The use of reciprocal pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun is often used object modify verb or preposition , so position of reciprocal pronoun is usually follows the verb or preposition.
Example:
We send each other Christmas cards every year.

Hoa and Mai look at each other.
It maybe used with possessive case
Example
They wrote down each other’s phone number
Note:
Not use “each other” after the word : meet, marry, similar
Example:
They married in 1995
[NOT: They married each other]
cau
Each other :use when there are two people
Example 1:
A and B love each other
One another :use when there are three or more people
Example 2:
Jesse Christ said: “ Love one another”.
This sentence use “one another” because it’s the love of charity, love between people of the vast together , not individual love of two people as example 1.
Some times , each other can replace one another but one another can’t replace each other.
Note:
Exercise:
Complete sentence using “each other” and “one another”
1. Peter and his girlfriend always think of ....................
each other
2. Parents and children should help ............................
one another
3. Two dogs and two cats look for..............................
one another
4. Two boys hurt ..............................
each other
Reflexive and Emphatic
pronouns
Form:
When to use reflexive pronouns
1. When the subject and the object refer to the same person or thing
Ex:
I cut myself.
You cut yourself.

2. When reflexive pronouns are used to put emphasis on a particular noun they are called emphatic pronouns.

Ex: I finished the job myself.
They themselves admitted their mistake.

Note
When self is used independently, it is a noun and not a pronoun.

Ex: John and myself went there.
Herself swam in the river.

John and I went there.
She swam in the river.

The emphatic pronouns cannot be used as subjects

Ex: John and myself went there.
Herself swam in the river.
I invited herself to tea.
Note
Difference between reflective and emphatic pronouns

A pronoun is a reflexive one if the action of the subject reflects upon the doer

Emphatic pronouns, on the other hand, are used to just emphasize the action of the subject
Ex: He cut himself.
He himself cut the cake.
Note that an emphatic pronoun can be removed from the sentence and the core meaning would not be affected. A reflexive pronoun, on the other hand, is indispensable. The sentence wouldn’t make complete sense if you remove the reflexive pronoun.

He himself cut the cake. He cut the cake.
He cut himself. He cut …what?

If the reflexive pronoun in a sentence is replaced by the reciprocal pronoun ‘each other’, the meaning of the sentence changes drastically.

Ex:
1. John and Peter blamed themselves for the loss
2. John and Peter blamed each other for the loss

Interrogative pronouns
Definition: Interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used to make asking question easy.


Classification:
Function of Interrogative pronouns
The pronouns "who", "whom" and sometimes "which" reference people.
Who function as a subject (S) and object (O) of verb.
E.g: 1. Who can answer my question?

2. Who did you see?
s
O
b. Whom functions as an object of preposition or object of verb.
E.g: * To whom did you give the note?

*Whom do you suggest we nominate for class president?




2. The pronouns “what” and “which” reference inanimate Objects and animals
What
- Used for animals:
e.g: What animal has horns?

Used for things
e.g: What is the color of her hair?
Which: used for persons, animals and things.
Functions as adjective before the noun
e.g: Which foreign languages have you studied?
Used alone without the noun
e.g: Which is your son John?
3. Whose
Used for persons to show possession
e.g: whose are these books?
Or Whose car was parked there just now?
The interrogative pronouns with the suffix – ever (whatever, whenever, whoever, whomever, and whosoever) are used for emphasis to show surprise. They are quite rare.
e.g:
- Whatever did you say.
Whichever you like best.
Whoever says that is wrong.
He took off his hat to whomever he met.
Whosoever heard of such a thing!

Personal pronouns
Definition: represent specific people or things.
We use them depending on:
- Number: singular or plural.
Person: 1st, 2nd or 3rd .
Gender: male, female or neuter.
Case: Subject or object.
Classification
Subjective pronouns:
Adjective pronouns
As the Object of the verb
E.g
I saw her in bookstore today.
Can you help me please?
After prepositions.
E.g
She is waiting for me.
Listen to her.
Give it to him.
* The use of "It"
We often use "it" to introduce a remark.
E.g:
-It is difficult to find a job.

-It is important to dress well.
We also use "it" to:

Talk about the weather: It is raining.

Talk about the temperature: It maybe hot tomorrow.

Talk about the time: It`s 9 o`clock.

Talk about distance: It`s 56 kilometers from Quang Ngai to Son Ha.
Demonstrative pronouns
THIS
THESE
THAT
THOSE
Demonstrative pronouns are the same pronouns used for demonstrative adjective.(this, that, these, those) the difference is in the sentence structure.
+ The demonstrative pronoun takes the place of the noun phrase.
+The demonstrative adjective is always followed by noun.
Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
E.g: The food you are cooking smells delicious.

That smells delicious.
This is a demonstrative pronouns.
FUNCTION OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS


THIS
Points to things that are nearby
THESE
THAT
THOSE
Points to things that are far
Eg: That is the car that I will buy for my birthday.
FUNCTION OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
THIS
THAT
Should be used singular nouns
FUNCTION OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Eg: She said she wanted these.
These is subject complement.
THESE
THOSE
Should be used plural nouns
The others use of the demonstrative pronoun.
This, that, these, those + noun + of + possessive pronoun is used instead of the possessive pronoun + noun to emphasize.
Eg: I don’t like that new servant of his.
This, that, these, those can stand alone or one, ones according when having comparison or choice.
Eg: This chair is too new. I will sit in that (one).
PREPOSITION OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
1.Indefinite pronouns.
1.Definition:”An indefinite pronouns is a pronoun that does not refer to any person, amount or thing particular.”
Like all pronouns, an indefinite pronoun is a substitute for a noun.
2.Classification.
Indefinite pronouns
Singular indefinite pronouns
Plural indefinite pronouns
Singular or Plural indefinite pronouns
2.1.Singular indefinite pronouns.
Singular indefinite pronouns: another, anyone, anything, each, everybody, nobody, nothing, someone, something…
Singular indefinite pronouns take singular verbs.
E.g: Each of member has one vote.
2.2.Plural indefinite pronouns.
Plural indefinite pronouns: both, many, several, others…
They take plural verbs.
E.g: A few of justices were voicing their opposition.
Plural or singular indefinite pronouns.
Plural or singular indefinite pronouns: all, any, most, none, some…
For indefinite pronouns that can be singular or plural, it depends on what indefinite pronoun refers to.
E.g: All of the people clap their hands.
All the newspaper was soaked.
3.Usage
They are used in affirmative sentences.
E.g: There is someone at the door.
They are used for invitation and request sentences.
E.g: Would you like something to drink?
They are used in negative sentences and yes/no question.
E.g: I don’t want to eat anything.
Is there anybody in the room.
EXCERSISE 1. Fill in each blank with an appropriate reflexive pronoun in the sentence.( ourselves, myself, herself or yourself…)

1.We hurt …….............playing football.
2.Linda ……………bought these gifts.
3.I’ll do the job…………
ourselves
herself
myself
EXCERSISE 2: Complete the sentences with somebody, something, anybody, anything.

1.I was too surprised to say…………..
2.Does………………...mind if I open the window?
3.You must be hungry. Would you like…………………. to eat?
anything
anybody
something