The use of IT

The use of "it"
A.đại từ “it” dùng để thay cho 1 vật , hoặc 1 em bé còn ít tuổi . Where is my map？I left it on the table． Look at that bird．It always comes to my window． Her new baby is tiny．It only weights 2 kilos． B.Trong các câu sau “it” chỉ người : —Ann（on phone）：Who is that？／Who is it？—Bill：It’s me． —Is that Tom over there？—No，it’s Peter． C . “ it” chỉ thời gian khoảng cách ,thời tiết, ....vv . —What time is it？—It is six． —What’s the date？—It’s the third of March． —How far is it to York？ —It is 400 kilometres． —How long does it take to get there？—It depends on how you go． —It’s raining／snowing／freezing． —It’s frosty． —In winter it’s／it is dark at six o’clock． —It is hot／cold／quiet／noisy in this room． Chú ý các ví dụ sau : It’s／It is three years since I saw him．= I haven’t seen him for three years． It is three years since I（last）saw Bill．= I last saw Bill three years ago． It is three years since I have seen Bill．= I haven’t seen Bill for three years． Chú ý cách nói : It is time + --------------------- (1) It’s time to start． It is time for us to go． (2) It is time we went． It’s high time we left． It is time we were leaving． It’s time I was going．(Không dùng were trong câu này) D .Chủ ngữ giả “it” 1. “ it” dùng trong câu nhấn mạnh . It was Peter who lent us the money． It’s today that he’s going． It was `Tom who helped us． It was `Ann that I saw . It’s the manager that we want to see． It was wine that we ordered． It’s speed that causes accidents，not bad roads． “it” có thể dùng với cả số nhiều ： It’s pilots that we need，not ground staff． 2. Dùng “it”thay cho động từ nguyên dạng làm chủ ngữ . It is easy to criticize．mà không nên nói To criticize is easy． It is better to be early．mà không nên nói To be early is better． It seems a pity to give up now．mà không nên nói To give up now seems a pity． “it＋be” dùng sau “find／think（that）”， thì “be” và “that” có thể bỏ：He thought（that）it（would be）better to say nothing． We found it impossible to get visas． 3.Chủ ngữ của câu là một mệnh đề có thể đổi thành cách nói dùng “it” như sau ： That he hasn’t phoned is odd．=> It’s odd that he hasn’t phoned． That prices will go up is certain．=> It’s certain that prices will go up． Các cách dùng khác It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying． lt struck me that everyone was unusually silent． E. “ it／this”có thể thay cho cụm từ hoặc câu phụ phía trước ： He smokes in bed，though I don’t like it．（it＝his smoking in bed） He suggested flying，but I thought it would cost too much．（it=flying） F. “ it” còn làm chủ ngữ trong các trường hợp sau： It seems ...... / It appears..... / It looks..... / It happens........