THE PRODUCTIONTION Ò SPEECH SOUNDS

1. Articulators above the larynx
2. Vowel and consonant
3. English short vowels
 Articulator:
An organ in the mouth used for making speech sounds, such as the tongue, lips or teeth.
1. Nose: The part of the face above the mouth that people use for smelling and breathing.
2. Upper lip: The edge that form the top part of the mouth.
3. Lower lip: The edge that form the bottom part of the mouth.
4. Lower teeth: The hard white objects that grow in the lower jaw used for biting and chewing food.
5. Tongue:
- The long soft part fixed to the bottom of the mouth used for tasting, swallowing, speaking, etc.
- A very important articulator that can be moved into many different places and different shapes.
6. Larynx: The organ in the throat that contains the vocal cords, which produce sounds.

7. Pharynx: The soft area at the top of the throat where the passages to the nose and the mouth connect with the throat.
8. Soft palate: The soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.
9. Hard palate: The thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth and often called the “roof of the mouth”.
10. Alveolar ridge: One of the two jaw ridges on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate.
11. Upper teeth: The hard white objects that grow in the upper jaw used for biting and chewing food.
A. Definition
1. Vowel: A sound in which there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to the lips.
2. Consonant: A speech sound produced by a partial or complete obstruction of the stream of air.
B. Distinction between vowels and consonants
VOWELS
CONSONANTS
 Unclear manner place of articulation
 Clear manner place of articulation
 All of vowels are voiced
 Consonants can be voiced or voiceless
 Freely escape from the obstruction of the airflow
 Completely not escape from the obstruction of the airflow
1. Rounded
C. Classifying vowels (according to the tongue height and the frontness or backness)
2. Spread
3. Neutral