Tenses

VERB TENSES:
Chuyên đề các thì
1. Thì hieän taïi ñôn: S + Vs,es / Vo + O.
* Caùch duøng :
a. Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng laëp ñi laëp laïi haøng ngaøy, moät thoùi quen:
Ex: He usually goes to the cinema on Sundays.
Caùch duøng naøy thöôøng keát hôïp vôùi caùc traïng töø chæ thöôøng xuyeân nhö:
Every day / week / month , always, often, usually, seldom = rarely, never, sometimes = every other day (ngaøy caùch ngaøy), occasionally = every now and then = from time to time, once a day / a week / a month, twice a day / a week / a month.
b. Chaân lyù hoaëc söï kieän ñuùng moät caùch hieån nhieân:
The earth goes round the sun.
2. Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + VING + O.
* :
a. Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra ôû hieän taïi hoaëc ñang thöïc söï dieãn ra luùc noùi.
Ex: What are you doing now? – I am studying English.
Father is cutting grass in the garden at present.
Caùch duøng naøy thöôøng ñöôïc keát hôïp vôùi caùc töø daáu hieäu nhö: now, right now, at present, at the moment… Caùc ñoäng töø gaây chuù yù nhö : Look ! Watch ! Listen ! Be careful! Be quiet ! …
b. Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng coù tính chaát taïm thôøi, khoâng thöôøng xuyeân.
Ex: John often gets up at seven o’clock, but this month he is on holiday and so he is getting up later.
We usually start work at 8 o’clock, but for this week only we are starting at 8:30.
d. Dieãn taû moät hoaïch ñònh töông lai.(thöôøng ñi vôùi caùc ñoäng töø chæ söï di ñoäng nhö: go, come, arrive …)
Ex: We are going to Hanoi next week.
* CAÙCH THEÂM “ING” VAØO SAU ÑOÄNG TÖØ:
Caùch 1. love - loving , take – taking, write – writing, hate – hating. Nhöng : free – freeing
Caùch 2: stop – stopping, run – running.
Nhöng tröø caùc töø sau ñaây ta khoâng gaáp ñoâi :X,H,Y,W
Ex: fix – fixing, play – playing
* greet – greeting, work – working
* begín – begínning, prefeùr – prefeùrring Nhöng: suùffer – suùffering, lísten – lístening
* travel – traveling , travelling , signal – signaling , signalling
Caùch 3: die – dying , tie – tying, lie – lying
Nhöõng ñoäng töø sau ñaây phaûi theâm moät ‘k ’tröôùc khi theâm ING.
traffic – trafficking, panic – panicking, mimic – mimicking
3. Thì quaù khöù ñôn: S + WAS/ WERE + ….
S + VED/ V2 + O.
Caùch duøng:
a. Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù vaø chaám döùt ôû quaù khöù coù thôøi gian xaùc ñònh.
Ex: I met her yesterday. We learned Japanese last month.
Caùch duøng naøy thöôøng ñi vôùi moät soá töø daáu hieäu nhö : ago, last, yesterday, in the past, naêm hoaëc söï kieän xaõy ra trong quaù khöù…
b. Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra suoát moät quaûng thôøi gian trong quaù khöù:
They lived with us for a year several years ago.
During the spring vacation, the students went on a camping trip.
c. Haønh ñoäng theo thoùi quen trong quaù khöù:
Ex: While her husband was in the army, she wrote to him twice a week.
Did he come to see you often? – Yes, he came every week.
When I was a boy, I used to go swimming in this river.
d. Dieãn taû moät loaït haønh ñoäng xaûy ra keá tieáp nhau trong quaù khöù :
Ex: She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, closed all the windows, locked the doors, and walked towards the cinema. (Caùch duøng naøy thöôøng ñöôïc duøng khi thuaät laïi caùc caâu chuyeän xaûy ra trong quaù khöù).
* CAÙCH THEÂM “ED” VAØO SAU ÑOÄNG TÖØ:
Caùch 1. Theâm –d vaøo sau caùc ñoäng töø taän cuøng baèng e hoaëc ee:
Ex: live – lived , agree – agreed
Caùch 2. Nhöõng ñoäng töø 1 vaàn, taän cuøng baèng 1 phuï aâm, tröôùc phuï aâm laø 1 nguyeân aâm (tröø h, w, x, y), chuùng ta phaûi gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm tröôùc khi theâm –ed.
Ex: fit – fitted, stop – stopped
Nhöng: stay – stayed, play – played
study – studied, try – tried
heat – heated
4. Thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn: S + WAS / WERE + V