Teaching writing though tetx types (Cực hay)

Teaching writing
through text types
Composed by Mr. Nguyen Hoang Minh
Nguyen Du junior high school – Quang Xuong Dist
THANH HOA
Tel: 0989.642.660
Email: [email protected]
Teaching writing through text types.
There are 6 basic text types in writing:
1- Narrative
2- Recount
3- Explanation
4- Procedure
5- Exposition
6- Information report
Narrative texts include:
Narratives
Fairy tales
Folk tales
Short stories
Novels
Plays
Adventures
I. Narratives
1. Definition:
Narrative is a piece of text which tells a story or a description of a series of events and in doing so entertains and informs the readers and listeners.
2. The scaffold of a narrative:
- There are 5 parts in a narrative text:
3. The language features of a narrative.
Specific characters.
Time words that connect events to tell when they occur.
Verbs to show action in the story.
Descriptive words to portray the characters and settings.
a
c

Structure
Orientation


Complication

Sequence of events



Resolution



The Lousy Witch
Once upon a time there was a witch. She was actually a very good-hearted witch but she often got her spells wrong.
One day when she was trying to cure her cat of a cold, she accidentally said a spell that made the cat’s lovely straight tail turn crooked! The poor cat was not very happy.
The harder the witch tried to undo the spell, the more she mixed things up. Soon the cat was barking like a dog!
Finally in desperation she resolved never to say another spell again-and presto! The cat’s tail became straight and she regained her meow.
Language features
Past tense

Descriptive words


Human participants


Connective words


4. An example to analyze the generic structure and the language features
Recount texts include:
Conversations
Eyewitness account
Letters/ postcards
Speeches
Television interview
Newspaper reports
II. Recount
1. Definition:
A recount is a piece of text that retells past events. Usually in the order in which they happen. the purpose of a recount is to give the audience a descriptions of what occurred and when it occurred.
Recounts

2. The scaffold of a recount
There are 3 parts in a recount text:
3. The language features in a recount.

The language features usually found in a recount are:
- Proper nouns to identify those involved in the text.
- Descriptive words to give details about who, what, how where and when.
-The use of past tense to retell the events.
- Words that show the order of events. (for example: first, next, then etc...)


Structure

Orientation




Sequence of events



Conclusion
A hotel fire
Language features

Past tense


Descriptive words


Connective words ( then, and, so, in deed…)
4. Analyzing the structure and the language features of a recount.
Last year, I spent my summer holiday at a seaside town. The hotel was luxury and comfortable. I had a wonderful holiday until the fire.
It was Saturday evening and everybody was in the discotheque on ground floor. It was crowded with people. They was dancing and singing happily. Suddenly we smelt smoke. Then black smoke began to fill the room.
Everybody started to scream in panic. People ran toward the fire exits. One door was blocked. So, many people began to cough and choke.
Then just as we thought we had only minutes to live, the fire brigade arrived. Firemen fought their way to go into the room and soon everyone was safely out of the building.
Luckily, nobody was serious hurt. In deed, It was the most frightening experience in my life.
III. Explanation
1. Definition:
An explanation is a kind of texts that tells how or why something happens. Explanation can be a spoken or written and their purpose is to tell each step of the process ( the how) and to give reason (the why) for it.
Explanation texts include:
Why things are alike or different
How to solve a problem
Why Sth happened
How something occurs
Explanation

2. The scaffold of an explanation
There are 3 parts in an explanation text:
3. The language features of an explanation.
An explanation usually include the following the grammatical features:
- Technical words.
- Words that show cause and effect.
- Use of the timeless present tense.
Why Is The Sea Salty?
Everyone who has been to the beach knows that seawater is salty. Everyone also knows that fresh water in rain, rivers, and even ice is not salty. Why is seawater salty?
It is all because of a thing called the water cycle. Rain, which is fresh water, falls from clouds onto the land and finds its way into lakes and rivers, and also through the ground, back to the sea, picking up salts and minerals as it goes. Once it reaches the sea, the water can be evaporated again to form new clouds containing fresh water, and the salt is left behind, so over millions of years the oceans have slowly been accumulating salt washed off the land by fresh water.
So is the sea becoming more salty? Probably not, because if the level of salt rises any further the extra is removed by various processes, including chemical reactions, so the sea is now about as salty as it is going to get. That’s not to say you can’t get saltier seas – like the Dead Sea – these are just bodies of water cut off from the main ocean and in which more water is evaporating than being returned by rivers, so the water becomes more concentrated.
Introduction (Description of what is going to be explained)
Explanation
A series of paragraphs that tell the how or the why).
Why
so
Because
knows
knows
falls
present tense
question
cause and effect connector
so
because
can be evaporated
is left
passive
Structure
Features
IV. Procedure
1. Definition:
A procedure is a piece of text that tells the readers and listeners how to do something. Its purpose is to provide instruction for making something, doing something or getting somewhere.
Procedure texts include:
Directions
Instruction manuals
Recipes
Itineraries
Procedures

2. The scaffold of a procedure
A procedure text usually has 3 sections:
3. The language features of a procedure.
Procedure texts usually include the following grammatical features:
- Sentences that begin with verbs and are started as commands: soak, leave, cook...
- Time words or numbers that show the order for carrying out the procedure.
- Adverbs to describe how the action should be performed.
- Precise terms and technical language.
4. Analyzing the structure and the language features of a procedure
Language features
Imperative verbs
Linking words
Technical Language
How to make Chung cake.
Step 1: Firstly , soak the rice in water in previous day, take it out and leave it dry then mix rice with salt.
Step 2: Cook the green been until it is well-done, cut the pork into big chunks, seasoned them with salt, onion and pepper.
Step 3: Lay the leaves, use a bowl to get rice and well-done green bean into the leaves.
Step 4: Put the seasoned pork with onion and pepper in the middle of the cake. Then, Put some more rice on the top of the cake.
Step 5: Fold the leaves so that it has square shape use bamboo springs to secure the cake.
Step 6: Put Chung cakes into a big steam - boil and the cakes will be boiled in about 12- 20 hours by wood.
Step 7: Take the well- done cakes out and leave them dry .
Step 8: Pear the leaves and then serve. You can eat it with treacle.
v. exposition
1. Definition:
An Exposition text is a a piece of text that presents one side of an issue. The purpose of an exposition is to persuade the readers or listeners by presenting one side of an argument.
Exposition texts include:
Debates
Legal defenses.
Advertisement
Spoken arguments
Expositions

2. The scaffold of an exposition
An exposition text usually has 3 sections:
3.The language features of an exposition.
Exposition texts usually include the following grammatical features:
- Words that express the author / writer`s attitude (modality) Ex: will, may, must, always ,rarely, think...
- Emotive nouns and verbs.
- Adverbs that show a time sequence and link the arguments: Firstly, secondly.... finally.
I think it’s good to study in Singapore.
Firstly you will have an opportunity to communicate in English. Everybody speaks English, so you have no choice. It’s a good chance for you to improve yourself in listening and speaking the language.
Secondly you can enjoy a society full of modernization. You can save your timing standing in a long queue to buy something or walking for long hours to look for a book you want because there are a lot of automatic services in Singapore. Internet is also a valuable tool to help you in many areas.
Finally, public security is very excellent. You always feel safe while walking along the streets for sightseeing after a hard day of working. Fighting, pocket-picking, stealing and robbing rarely happens.
Studying in Singapore is good therefore you are lucky if you are the one selected to study here.
1. Introduction
(Author`s point of view.)




Series of argument.
( convince the audience.)







Conclusion
(sum up )
Adverbs that show a time sequence


Words that express the writer`s point of view


Emotive nouns and verbs.
4. Analyzing the structure and the language features of an exposition.
Structure
Features
vI . Information report
1. Definition:
An information report is a piece of text that present about a subject. Its purpose is to classify and/ or describe using fact about the subject`s parts, behavior and qualities. The subject is usually general rather than particular. For example: Skin rather than an individual person`s skin.
Information report texts include:
Lectures
Chapters in text book
Reference articles
Research assignments
Information reports

2. The scaffold of an exposition
An information report text usually has 3 sections:
3. The language feature of an information report.
An explanation usually include the following the grammatical feature:
- Technical language related to the subject.
- Technical use of the timeless present tense.
- Technical use of general nouns (Ex: weather, earthquakes, skin....) rather than proper nouns
- Technical linking verbs to describe behaviors or qualities

4. Analyzing the generic structure and the language features of an information report.
Thank you for
your Attention!