Tailieu boi duong he1

TÀI LIỆU BỒI DƯỠNG GIÁO VIÊN DẠY TIẾNG ANH
BẬC TRUNG HỌC
HÈ 2011


PHẦN I: NGỮ ÂM
PHONETICS - PRONUNCIATION
PART ONE: VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS
A. Spelling of sounds /əu/ and /au/
a) The English diphthong /əu/ normally appears in the following spelling:
- O is pronounced as /əu/
a) When is is at the end of a word:
Ex: no, go, echo, mosquito, tomato, …
But: to do, toe.
b) In words of monosyllable ending with two consonants or Consonant+ E and in the stressed syllables of words having more than one syllable.
Ex: comb, cold, code, mode, mole, sofa, lotus, solar, mobile, moment, lotion, soldier..
But: bomb, fond, soft, long, strong.
- OA in words of monosyllable ending with one or sometimes two consonants.
Ex: coal, coat, foam, goat, loan, road, soap, roast, toast, coast
But: broad
- OU Ex: dough, soul, shoulder, poultry
- OW Ex: bow, low, sow, know, show, slow, narrow, window, tomorrow ..
b) The English diphthong /au/ normally appears in the following spelling:
- OU is pronounced as /au/:
Ex: bound, cloud, doubt, foul, found, ground, loud, plough, mouth, south, around, sound, mountain,…
- OU is pronounced as / au ə/ as in: our, hour, flour, sour …
- OW as in: vow, blow, plow, power, tower,…
B. Spelling of sounds / eə / and //
a) The English vowel / / normally appears in the following spelling forms:
- Letter A in words of monosyllable of in a stressed syllable of a word when A stand before RE:
Ex: bare, care, dare, rare, area, parent, ..
- AI when it stands before R:
Ex: air, fair, hair, chair, stair, fairy, dairy, …
- EA and EI as in: bear, pear, tear, wear, swear, heir, their, …
b) The English vowel / uə / normally appears in the following spelling forms:
- OO in words of monosyllable ending in R:
Ex: moor, poor, …
But: door, floor. [ɔ:]

- OU as in some words: tour, tourist, gourd,..
- Letter U is pronounced as /ju/ in the words having U + R + VOWEL:
Ex: cure, lure, pure, during, endure, furious, bureau, …,
C. Spelling of sounds /iə/ and //
a) The English vowel / iə, / normally appears in the following spelling forms:
- EA when it stands before the final R of a words:
Ex: tear, clear, rear, spear, fear, beard, weary(mệt lử)
- EE when it stands before the final R of a words:
Ex: peer, beer, cheer, deer, steer, career, engineer, overseer(giám thị), …
- Special case: idea, Ian, weird /wiəd/(số mệnh)
b) The English vowel /ai/ normally appears in the following spelling forms:
- EI as in words: either, neither, height,…
- Letter I in words of monosyllable ending with I + CONSONANT + E:
Ex: bite, site, kite, dine, side, tide, like, mine, alive
But: live, give.
- IE when it is the final vowel of word of monosyllable:
Ex: die, tie, lie, pie…
- UI in the words having UI + CONSONANT + E:
Ex: guide, quite, inquire, require, …
- Letter Y in words of monosyllable or in a stressed syllable of a word:
Ex: cry, fly, shy, sly, type, deny, rely, cycle, dynamo, dynamite, apply,…
But: hymn, typical, pyramid
D. Spelling of sounds /ə/ and /ə
a) The English vowel /ə/ normally appears in the following spelling forms:
- Letter A in most of the unstressed syllable of a word:
Ex: separate, changeable, balance, capacity, national, ….
- Letter E in an unstressed syllable of a word:
Ex: silent, open, chicken, prudent, generous, different, sentence, punishment, …
- Letter O in an unstressed syllable of a words having more than one syllable:
Ex: atom, bosom, compare, control, freedom, handsome, random,