Tai lieu tieng anh

LESSON 1: TENSES ( Thì )
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:( Thì hiện tại đơn )
S + VERB ( S, ES )
S + VERB ( S, ES ) + OBJECT

+ To show the truth , everyday habits , naturals , present actions ………( Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở hiện tại )
Ex: The sun rises in the east.
+ Expressions often used are: always , usually , often , frequently , sometimes , seldom , rarely, never, now ,
these days , today , nowadays , every day/ night/ afternoon/week/ month/ year , once a week ……
Ex: She always goes to church on Sundays .
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( To be + ving ) (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn )
S + ( AM / IS / ARE ) + V-ing + OBJECT

+ To show things that are happening over a long period time .(Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại )
Ex : They are watching the football match on TV now.
+ Expressions often used are: at the moment , at the present time . now , right now , presently………
+ Present continuous is often used in the following structures
Ex: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping.
Ex: Be careful! The bus is coming.
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành )
S + HAS / HAVE + V3 / Ved

+ To express an action that happened in the past and continues to the present ( Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại )
Ex: We have studied English for six years.
+ To express an action that happened in the past but the time is indefinite. ( Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian không xác định )
Ex: I have seen that film before.
+ Expressions often used ; sofar , up to now , until now , already. never , ever , recently , just , for , since.
Note : S + HAS / HAVE + V3 / Ved + SINCE + S + V2 / ed
Ex: I have known Mary since she was a baby.
4. SIMPLE PAST TENSE ( Thì quá khứ đơn )
S + V2 / ed + OBJECT

+ To show things which happened and ended.( Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ )
Ex: I studied well last year.
+ Expressions often used ; yesterday, last week / month / year, ago,………time in the past.
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )
S + Was / Were + V-ing + Object

+ To show things which were happening at a time or during a period of time in the past ( Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ )
Ex: At this time yesterday morning, I was playing chess with John.
Ex: We were doing home work at 8 p.m yesterday.
A / When + S + V2 / ed , S + Was / Were + V-ing.
Ex: When he came, they were cooking dinner.
B / As + S + Was / Were + V-ing , S + V2 / ed
Ex: As it was raining, I left home.
C / S + Was / Were + V-ing + While + S + Was / were + V-ing
Ex: I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking lunch.

6. PAST PERFECT TENSE ( Thì quá khứ hoàn thành )
S + HAD + V3 / Ved

+ To show things which happened before a point of time in the past ( Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ )
Ex: He had left England for France before 1990.
+ To show things which happened before another thing in the past ( Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác trong quá khứ )
A / S + HAD + V3 / Ved + BEFORE + S + V2 / ed
Ex: They had phoned me before they came here.
B / S + V2 / ED + AFTER + S + HAD + V3 / VED
Ex: I went to school after I had had breakfast.

7. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE ( Thì tương lai đơn )
S + WILL + V(bare infinitive)

+ To show things which will happen in the future
Ex: We will visit Ha Long Bay next week.
+ Expressions often used are tomorrow , next week / month / year , tomorrow night , next summer………
8. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE ( Thì tương lai tiếp diễn )
S + WILL BE + V-ing

+ To show things which