Tài liệu ôn HSNK khối 678 môn Anh văn

HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8
A. Các dạng câu thường gặp:
1. Câu bị động đặc biệt:
1.1 Câu bị động với think/believe/say...:
a, + Chủ động (CĐ): S (People, They,.....) + say/think/believe...+ that +.........
    + Bị động (BĐ): S + is/am/are + said/thought/believed...+ to V............
→ It + is/am/are + said/thought/believed... that +............
b, + CĐ: S (People,They,.....) + said/thought/believed...+ that....
   + BĐ: S + was/were + said/thought/believed...+ to have + V(pII)
→ It + was/were+ said/thought/believed... that +............
Eg: - People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
→ 13 is belived to be an unlucky number.
→ It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
- They thought that Mai had gone away.
→ Mai was thought to have gone away.
→ It was thought that Mai had gone away.
2. Câu bị động với "have":
+ CĐ: S + have/has/had + sb + V + st+ .......
+ BĐ: S + have/has/had + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...
Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
=> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
3. Câu bị động với "get":
+ CĐ: S + get/gets/got + sb + to V + st +.......
+ BĐ: S + get/gets/got + st + V(pII) + (by sb)...
Eg: I got him to repair my car last week.
=> I got my car repaired last week.
4. Câu bị động với "make":
+ CĐ: S + make/made + sb + V + st +......
+ BĐ: S (sb) + is/are//was/were made + to V+ st +......
Eg: The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day.
→ Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day.
5. Need:
+ CĐ: S + need + to V+ st +........
+ BĐ: S (st)+ need + to be V(pII).
→ S (st)+ need+ V-ing.
Eg: You need to cut your hair.
→Your hair need to be cut.
→ Your hair need cutting.
2.Câu trực tiếp,gián tiếp:
I.Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp:
1.Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:
- Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng:
"(Don`t) + V +.....+ (please)"
"Will/Would/Can/Could + S + (not) +......+ (please)?"
"Would you mind + (not) + V-ing +.....?"
=>S + told/asked/warned (cảnh báo)/begged (cầu xin)/ordered (ra lệnh)/reminded (nhắc nhở)+ O + (not) toV...
Eg:- "Listen carefully" The teacher said to us.
=>The teacher told/asked us to listen carefully.
-"Don`t make noise,Jim" The perfect said.
=>The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise.
-"Would you mind putting out your cigarette?"-said a woman.
=>A woman reminded me to put out my cigatette.
*Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật "asked" có dạng:
-"I`d like+........"
-"Can/Could I have+........"
Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức:
S+asked(+O)+for+st+.....
Eg: In the café,the man said: "I`d like a cup of tea".
=>The man asked for a cup of tea.
2. Lời khuyên:
-Lời khuyên có các dạng:
"S+should(not)/ought (not) to/had better(not)+V+........"
"Why don`t you+V+......."
"If I were you, I would+V+......."
=>S1+said+(to+O)+that+S2+should+V+.......
=>S+advised/encouraged(khuyến khích)+ O+to V+.......
Eg:-"You should run faster" The teacher said.
=>The teacher said that I should run faster.
=>The teacher advised me to run faster.
-"Why don`t you take off your coat?"She said.
=>She advised me to take off my coat.
-"If I were you,I would stop smoking"He said.
=>He advised me to stop smoking.
-"Go on,apply for the job"Mrs.Smith said.
=> Mrs.Smith encouraged me to apply