STRESS

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Music
Import
Interesting
Economics
Syllables
A syllable is a group of one or more sounds. The essential part of a syllable is a vowel sound ( V ). It can have consonant sounds ( C ) before the V, after the V or before and after the V.
Eg: - Eye: V
- Owe: V
- Go: CV
- If : VC
- Ten: CVC
Syllables
Letters are not the same as sounds.
Eg: Consonant letters: W, Y are not consonant sounds if they come after the vowel sound in the syllable: Saw, say, how, low, pay, why…
Here we use the word “ syllable” to talk about the pronunciation of words, not the writing.
Eg: Chocolate.
Introducing syllables
Ex1:
1. bought CVC
2. eyes VC
3. key CV
4. day CV
5. through CCV

6. laugh CVC
7. two CV
8. weigh CV
9. fat CVC
Ex2: How many syllables?
1. secretary 0oo
3. restaurant 0o
5. different 0o
7. lovely 0o
9. Thursday 0o
2. interesting 0oo
4. Wednesday 0o
6. vegetables 0oo
8. convenient o0o
10. September o0o
Word stress
To give stress to one of the syllables, do one or more of these:
Make it longer.
Make it louder.
Make it higher.

Eg: Teacher.

Word stress
Different words have different stress patterns:
0o: April , thirty , morning.
o0: July, midday, thirteen.
0oo: Saturday, yesterday.
o0o: September, tomorrow, eleventh.
oo0: Afternoon, seventeen, twenty-one.

Word stress
Stress patterns can help you hear the difference between similar words and know the meaning and class of words.
Eg: thirteen – thirty.
present – present.
There are two very important rules about word stress:
One word, one stress.
The stress is always on a vowel.
Exercise (Page 4)

1. 0o Monday Tuesday Thursday April

Second thirty
2. o0 July Thirteenth thirteen

3. 0oo Saturday Holiday seventy

4. o0o September October November
eleventh
5. oo0 Seventeen afternoon
Stress in two syllable words.
Words come from a one-syllable word: Stress on the syllable of the original word.
Eg: - Artist, driver, friendly..
- Remove, dislike, rebuild…..
Two syllable nouns and Adjectives
Most two - syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the first syllable, even if they do not come from an original one-syllable word.
Eg: The artist’s most famous picture show some women and children in a lovely forest with a purple mountain behind.
Two - syllable verbs
Most two-syllable verbs have stress on the second syllable, even if they do not come from an original one - syllable word.
Eg: forget
decide
import
complaint
produce.
Two - syllable verbs
Note:
There is not always a change of stress in words that are nouns and verbs.
Eg: Answer, picture, promise, reply, travel, visit: Stress on the same syllable.
The stress stays in the same place when you make longer words from these two - syllable nouns, adjectives and verbs.
Eg: happy – unhappy, depart - departure.
Exercise 1(page 7)
1. (act) How did you react when you saw the actor coming in?
2. (write) The writer decided to rewrite the whole book.
3. (paint) The painter tried to repaint this part of picture
4. (print) We asked the printer to reprint the whole document.
Exercise 2 (page7)
Ex2: Hightline the word with a different stress pattern from the others
1. Answer agree allow attract
2. middle minute mission mistake
3. compare correct copy collect
4. garden granny guitar grammar
5. complete common careful crazy
6. produce provide promise prefer
7. shampoo shoulder shower shopping
8. reason remove receive review
Stress in longer words
Words have prefix or suffix, stress stays the same as in the original word.
Eg: Forget
Forgetful
Unforgettable.
Some endings do change the stress in the shorter word.
Eg: Educate
Education.
Stress in longer words
Ex1: Give stress to the following words

Electric electrician clinic

public atomic Music

musician decoration economic

communication identification population

scientific
Stress in longer words.
When we add the endings: -ion, -ian or –ic: Stress always move to the syllable before these endings.
Note: When a syllable changes from unstressed to stressed or stressed to unstressed, the vowel sound often changes.
Eg: Economy – Economic.
Exercise 1(page10)
Exercise 2(Page 10)
1. introduce introduction oo0o
2. base basic 0o
3. economy economic oo0o
4. describe description o0o
5. romance romantic o0o
6. compete competition oo0o
7. optimist optimistic oo0o
8. celebrate celebration oo0o
9. operate operation oo0o
10. explain explanation oo0o
11. decide decision o0o

Stress in longer words
For longer words end in – y and - al: Stress on the third syllable from the end.
Eg: Publicity, chemistry, biology, critical, geological, geology…….
Stress in longer words 2

Give stress to the following words and read them aloud

Physics 0o.
chemistry 0oo
biology o0oo
history 0oo
geography o0oo
Economics oo0o
Mathematics oo0o Geology o0oo
Phylosophy o0oo





Exercise 2 (page13)
How the stress pattern moving.

Photograph photography photographic
Economy economic economical
National nationality nationalize nationalization
Civil civility civilize civilization
Compound words
For compound Nouns: The stress is on the first part
Eg: Blackboard, washing machine.
For compound Adjectives: The stress on the second part.
Eg: Bad-tempered, old- fashioned..
For compound Verbs: The stress is on the second part.
Eg: Understand, overflow..
Rules of word stress
One word, one stress.
Stress is always on a vowel.
Stress on first syllables: Two- syllable Nouns and Adjectives.
Stress on second syllables: Two-syllable Verbs.
Stress on second syllable from end: words end in: – ic, -sion, –tion.
Stress on third syllable from end: Words end in –y,
-al.
Compound Nouns: Stress on first part.
Compound Adjective and Verbs: Stress on second part.


Sentence stress
Ex1:Hightline the sentence that doesn’t have the same stress pattern as the word….
1. 0oo cinema wasn’t it hasn’t she Don’t you?

2. o0o tomato close the door he told me I like it

3. oo0 afternoon does he drive? Were you cold?
What happened ?

4. o0o December It’s open they arrived they listened
Exercise 2
Ex2: Write the sentences in the correct column





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