ST TÀI LIỆU BỒI DƯỠNG HSG E GRADE 9

Verb forms

English tenses

Present Continuous
* Examples
He is sleeping.
I am visiting grandpa in the afternoon.
You are always coming late for the meetings!
The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (this means that they don`t have to take place right now). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans.
* uSES
Present actions
Temporary actions
Longer actions in progress
Future (personal) arrangements and plans
Tendencies and trends (xu hướng, khuynh hướng và chiều hướng)
Irritation (sự chọc tức; tình trạng bị làm phát cáu, tình trạng bị chọc tức- phàn nàn)
USE 1: Present Actions
Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking.
Examples:
He is eating a dinner.
Mary is talking with her friends.
They are swimming in the pool.
Stative (State) Verbs
There is a certain group of verbs that usually does not appear in the Continuous form. They are called Stative (State) Verbs, and if used in the Continuous form, they have a different meaning.
Examples:
I think you look pretty today! meaning: Opinion
I`m thinking of moving to San Francisco! meaning: Act of thinking
USE 2: Temporary Actions
This tense is also used for activities continuing only for a limited period of time.
Examples:
- I`m riding a bike to get to work because my car is broken. Temporary Action (His car will soon be repaired)
- They are not talking with each other after the last argument. Temporary Action (They will soon make up)
- Mary is working at McDonald`s. Temporary Action (She is working there only during the summer holidays)
USE 3: Longer Actions in Progress
We also use the Present Continuous when we are in the middle of doing something time-consuming (i.e. something that takes time to complete). An example of such an activity is writing a book, saving money or studying for an exam.
Examples:
-They are working hard to earn money.
-I am training to become a professional footballer.
-Mike is studying hard to become a doctor.
-Elizabeth is currently writing a children`s book titled I am the World.


USE 4: Future (Personal) Arrangements and Plans
Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to show that something is planned and will be done in the near future.
Examples:
-I`m meeting Katie in the evening.
-He`s flying to Rome in September.
-We`re not going anywhere tomorrow.
USE 5: Tendencies and Trends
This tense is also used for expressing tendencies or trends.
Examples:
-Our country is getting richer.
-The Internet is becoming less of a novelty.
-The Universe is expanding .
USE 6: Irritation or Anger
And the last use of this tense is to express irritation or anger over somebody or something in the present with adverbs such as: always, continually or contantly.
Examples:
-She is continually complaining about everything!
-Johny is always asking stupid questions!
-My boss is contantly critising me!

Present Simple
* Examples
-John lives in New York.
-We play football every day.
-You are really kind.
-The meeting starts at 3 PM
The Present Simple is the most basic and common tense in the English language. Because of its easy form, it is the best tense to start learning/teaching English tenses. It is also an interesting tense because it can express both the present and the future. In the below list, there are 7 uses of this tense. It`s a lot, but don`t worry: most of them are easy to understand.
*Use
Facts, generalizations and universal truths (tổng quát, khái quát)
Habits and routines
Permanent situations
Events that are certain to happen
Arrangements that we can`t change (e.g. timetables, official meetings)
State verbs (e.g. be, have, suppose, know)
Narrations (e.g. telling a joke), instructions or commentaries
*Note
Apart from the above uses, this tense is also used in:
Zero Conditional — If it rains, I go play football.
First Conditional — We won`t get our pocket money, if we don`t pass this exam.
In sentences after when, before, till, after, as soon as. ("Before you leave, please take the keys")
USE 1: Facts, Generalizations and Univeral Truths
We use the Present Simple to talk about universal truths (for example, laws of nature) or things we believe are, or are not, true. It`s also use it to generalize about something or somebody.
Examples:
-Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius