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MEKONG UNIVERSITY
MEKONG UNIVERSITY
Science : agricultural science
Group : V
RICE BLAST DISEASE
Scientific name:
Ganoderma Pyricularia oryzae

Name: Moniliaceae

Ministry: Hyphates

Grade: Deuteromycetes


BIOTECHNOLOGY
I . Symptoms
II . Damaging agents
III . These factors make the disease survive and develop
IV . The stage director moderate disease should be noted
V . Clinic
Rice blast disease is an important direct cause moderate damage in most stages of rice growth stage-plated - laying branches - Support - nine and on parts of plants such as leaves, old leaves, burned body, neck, cotton, seeds.


Distributed according to the victim that is known as medical director review leaves (burning leaves), old leaves direct review or review neck cotton director ... director moderate disease can occur throughout the year and often cause severe damage to the winter-spring, the area of serious illness can cause yield loss revenue .
On leaves: Diseases caused major damage phase coating - tongue branches. At first track patients only small dots, blue gray, the raised diamond form features, edges brown, gray white center. On the same spot disease infection is to, like the resistance against the disease only in the trace metal. Illness, the link back to trace the disease leaves burnt dry.


I . Symptoms
Top seeds: the disease occurs in stages sculpted, trace diseases also form particles eyes, brown border, white-gray center. If the disease attacks will soon be seed, Mezzanine.


On the leaves, trunk and neck cotton: initial symptoms can also switch to the blue gray-brown, due to fungal attack vessels led hinder the transport of nutrients feed the leaves, family leaves and seeds to make , fragile body, seeds were Male, Mezzanine


The coating: stain pink diamond diseases, through the brown, yellow, wilt die. The leaves of rice: large diamond spots are sick in the middle, pointed at the two. Wound patients with gray ash, dark brown around the tissue contiguous Health pale brown.
Size large variability from trace disease is the trace metal to 5-7 cm. Ill patients when the wound connected as a large wound to the leaves on fire. Cotton on body and neck began to trace the disease is a small black dot on the large body around slowly, making the body out again. On cotton to make cotton silver neck broken. Less on nuclear attack.

The fungus Pyricularia oryzae or P. grisea causes. Fungal spores are very small, can fly high and fly away so fast the disease is easily spread on a large scale. Mission of spores is expected in nutrients in rice and also secretes toxins Pyricularin toxic to plants.

II . Damaging agents
Fungus Pyricularia oryzae spores or P. grisea grow well in cool temperature from 24-28 degrees C, high humidity above 80% in case of cool weather conditions, bright sun, afternoon rain alternative, more sky fog very appropriate the disease occurs. Fungal disease usually stored on farms exist in the roots of rice and other weeds growing along the grass field in cages, worship tail grass, grass only, rice leaflets ...

- Weather: high air humidity, rain and sunshine alternating, dark early morning and evening fog is very convenient for harmful diseases.

III . These factors make the disease survive and develop

-Water: Status drought causing water shortages in the field making poor tree growth, inability to confront disease should occur seriously.

- Like: easy to use the same infection director review.
- Density planted SA: SA planted as thick as thick rice approval, the higher humidity on the field, the disease occurs more easily.

- Source diseases: fungal diseases exist in the store straw, weeds, seeds ... a source of disease spread through the service.

- Chemical elements: Chemical not balance NPK, excess nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer late, spraying leaves with nitrogen fertilizer is the period automatically become ... to create conditions for developing more severe disease.


- Period end tongue to do the same branch.

- Phase coating: typically arise on the same infection, as weakened trees affect productivity later.
IV . The stage director moderate disease should be noted


- Phase sculpted front and rear.

To limit the diseases develop harm, she regularly visits the same, especially on the stage to note (observer, every rice dust, especially where rice fine, dense between fields or near shore How, sewer water balloon) for prevention and timely treatment



Application of general measures for prevention of diseases such as:

- Choose fresh seed diseases, cleaned and processed grass seed before sowing .

- Use resistant varieties or disease resistance medium. Can combine to select varieties with disease resistance and moderate direct pest resistance in accordance with local conditions, for high yield and good quality.




V . Clinic
Grown with moderate security number, not planted sa thick. Sa high amount of seed planted approximately 80-120 kg / ha (depending on locality).

- Balanced NPK fertilizer. Sufficient amount of nitrogen fertilizer from 80-100 kg / ha (note nitrogen fertilizer should not demand too much fertilizer or fertilizer later., So the table can be used to feed the green rice) When the disease occurs stop fertilizer nitrogen or spray the leaves with nitrogen fertilizer.



- After harvesting should plow buried straw to return organic matter to soil.

- Sanitation field, destroying rice field, rice leaflets, clean grass shore ... limit pathogen survival and spread up later.

- Keep the water level in the field to suit each students needs of rice fields, dry fields to avoid the disease occurs.


- Using special drug chemical curing direct review: Trizole 75WDG, 20WP, 20WP Golden Rice, KiSaigon 10H, 50ND, Py Saigon 50WP.
Case of serious illness should conduct spraying Trizole 75WDG, 20WP or 20WP Rice yellow with scattered KiSaigon 10H (Note the need to spray more water spraying, ensuring that drugs are wet trees, spraying in the early morning when the sun was Drained cool mist or afternoon). To prevent direct ancient temperate cotton, first sculpted in 5 -7 times a day spray after spraying were sculpted rice Left on Monday.
Abstract
Rice blast is considered to be the most important disease of rice throughout the world. The disease occurs in 85 countries and can be very destructive when environmental conditions are favorable. Despite the extensive use of resistant cultivars and various fungicides, disease epidemics continue to occur in most rice-growing areas, and the annual loss to rice blast is estimated to be about USD $5 billion worldwide.
As rice remains the major food crop for about half of the world`s population, rice blast is recognized as one of the main pathological threats to world food supplies. A better understanding of the processes and mechanisms of pathogenesis will be helpful for an effective control of the disease.
The End