Roman mythology

LET`S GO BACK IN TIME...
WITH US!
BRIEF
HISTORY

After the fall of Rome:
The Ostrogoths
The Visigoths
The Franks
The Vandals
The Byzantines
The Lombards, the Pope, and Islam
Before the rise of Rome:
Stone Age (to 3000 BC)
Bronze Age (ca. 3000 BC-1000 BC)
Etruscans (ca. 1000 BC-500 BC)
Roman Republic:
The early period (ca. 500 BC-300 BC)
The Punic Wars (ca. 275 BC-146 BC)
The Civil Wars (ca. 146 BC-30 BC)
Roman Empire:
The Julio-Claudians (30 BC-68 AD)
The Flavians (69 AD-96 AD)
The Five Good Emperors (96 AD-161 AD)
The Severans (161 AD-235 AD)
The Third Century Crisis
Constantine and his family (312 AD-363 AD)
The Theodosians (363 AD-450 AD)
The Fall of Rome (476 AD)
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LEGACY
I/ The Arch and the Dome

The Roman uses of the arch and the uses of concrete and bricks facilitated the building of the many aqueducts throughout the empires, such as the magnificent Aqueducts of Segovia and the eleven aqueducts in Rome itself, such as Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus . The same idea produced numerous bridges, such as the still used bridge at Merida.

The dome permitted construction of vaulted ceilings and provided large covered public space such as the public baths and basilicas . The Romans based much of their architecture on the dome , such as Hadrian`s Pantheon in the city of Rome , the Bath s of Diocletian and the Bath of Caracalla.
ARCHITECTURE
ROMAN BRIDGE AT CHAVES, PORTUGAL
SEGOVIA AQUEDUCT

BATHS OF DIOCLETIAN-ETIENNE DU PÉRAC MID 16TH CENTURY

II/ Public buildings
Roman architectures were sometimes determined to base on the requirements of Roman religion. Some of the most impressive public buildings are the amphitheatres, over 220 being known and many of which are well preserved, such as that at Arles as well as the progenitor, the Colosseum in Rome.
ARLESARENA

BRYCE CANYON AMPHITHEATER HOODOOS PANORAMA

HOLLYWOOD BOWL AND SIGN

PONT DU GARD, FRANCE, A ROMAN ERA AQUEDUCT CIRCA 19 BC.

III/ HOUSING

Although less visible level to the modern observer, ancient Roman developments in housing and public hygiene are impressive, especially given their day and age. Clear examples are public and private baths and latrines, and under-floor heating in the form of the hypocaust double glazing (examples in Ostia Antica), and piped water(examples in Pompeii).
RUINS OF THE HYPOCAUST UNDER THE FLOOR OF A ROMAN VILLA.
CALDARIUM FROM THE ROMAN BATHS AT BATH ENGLAND.
PARTIALLY INTACT HYPOCAUST FLOOR AT BIGNOR ROMAN VILLA.
IV/ LIGHTHOUSES
Many lighthouses were built around the Mediterranean and around the shores of their expanding empire, including the Tower of Hercules at A Coruna in northern Spain, a structure which still survives to this day. A smaller lighthouse at Dover, England also still exists as a ruin about half the height of the original. The light would have been provided by a fire at the top of the structure.
TOWER OF HERCULES
V/ MATERIAL
Tile covered concrete quickly supplanted marble as the primary building material and more daring buildings soon followed, with great pillars supporting broad arches and domes rather than dense lines of columns suspending flat architraves.
THE INTERIOR OF THE PANTHEON IN THE 18TH CENTURY, SHOWING THE CONCRETE DOME
CAVE CANEM MOSAICS (`BEWARE OF THE DOG`) WERE A POPULAR MOTIF FOR THE THRESHOLD OF ROMAN VILLAS.




List of buildings, features and types of buildings
GOOD SHEPHERD FRESCO FROM THE CATACOMBS OF SAN CALLISTO
A PROCESSION IN THE CATACOMB OF CALLISTUS.
MEDIEVAL CHURCH OF SAINT HONORATUS IN LES ALYSCAMPS, ARLES
HADRIAN`S WALL NEAR BIRDOSWALD FORT
ATRIUM
INTERIOR

STATUE OF A MUSE IN THE NEWLY REOPENED DOMUS AUREA.
THE CIRCUS MAXIMUS
STOICISM
In Ancient Rome they believed in the philosophy of Stoicism. The founder of Stoicism was a Greek named Zeno, who lived in Athens from 335 to 236 BC.
PHYLOSOPHY

Zeno

*Stoicism was the most influential philosophy in the Roman Empire during the period preceding the rise of Christianity.

*Stoicism believed that all people are manifestations of the one universal spirit and should live in brotherly love and readily help one another. Stoicism even influenced the Christians in ancient Rome.

*Stoicism was in Rome during the Hellenistic Era. After the death of Zeno of Citium, the Stoic school was headed by Cleanthes and Chrysippus, and its teachings were carried to Rome in 155 by Diogenes of Babylon.

*The two best known Roman Stoic writers were Epictetus, a slave, and Marcus Aurelius, an Emperor.

*The Greeks followed stoicism before the Romans, but he Romans were a far more practical people than the Greeks, and more skilled at governing. Stoicism became the strongest force in Roman life.

```The ancient Agora (looking southwest). Stoicism was first expounded by Zeno of Citium around 300 BCE in the stoa poikile (painted porch) on the north side of the Agora.```
EPICUREAN PHYLOSOPHY

*Epicureans were named after their founder, Epicurus, who lived around 300 BC. Epicureans believed that the main reason for studying philosophy was practical - to make a happy life for yourself.

*They said that you would be happy if you had more pleasure in your life and less sadness. Since sadness is caused by not getting what you want, the key to being happy was to not want anything!

*The Epicureans also taught people that when they died, their soul would die with their body, because both were made of atoms that would be broken up and made into other things when you died.

*People should not be afraid of the gods, because the gods did not interfere with people`s lives. When things happened, it was just because of natural, scientific causes, and nothing to do with the gods.



Epicurus

DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
GREEK AND ROMAN LEGACY
Greek and Roman architecture had produced some of the most iconic images in history. While the Romans borrowed and adapted the Greek styles, both groups showed how to use their structural creations to define their own ideals. As noted on the Palomar Educational Style Guide, the Greeks preferred a post and lintel construction method, while the Romans favored a true arch construction.



ENJOY!
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MYTHOLOGY
WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE?
ARE THEY ALIVE?
Apollo God of the arts (esp. poetry and music)


Bacchus
God of wine and mysteries
Ceres
Goddess of agriculture and fertility
Diana
Goddess of the hunt and protector of children
Juno
Goddess of marriage; consort of Jupiter. The Matronalia, her major festival is March 1–2. Her other festival, on July 7-8, was called Nonae Caprotinae ("The Nones of the Wild Fig"). The month of June was named after her.


Jupiter
God of the sky; ruler of the Roman pantheon. He was also considered the Patron god of Rome, and his temple was the official place of state business and sacrifices. Uses Thunderbolts as his weapon.
Womanizer – married his own sister

Mars
God of war. He was the most prominent of the military gods that were worshipped by the Roman legions. The martial Romans considered him second in importance only to Jupiter. His festivals were held in March (named for him) and October.


Mercury
God of merchants; messenger of the gods. His main festival, the Mercuralia, was celebrated on May 15 and on this day the merchants sprinkled their heads and their merchandise with water from his well near the Porta Capena. The symbols of Mercury are the caduceus (a staff with two intertwined snakes) and a purse (a symbol of his connection with commerce).


Minerva
Goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts. Honored at the spring equinox with her main festival, March 19 - 23, called the Quinquatria. On June 13 the minor Quinquatrus was observed.


Neptune
God of the sea and earthquakes. Neptunalia was celebrated on July 23. The trident is Neptune`s attribute.
Proserpina
Goddess of the Underworld
Saturn
God of Time
Venus
Goddess of love and beauty. On August 18 the Vinalia Rustica was observed. A second festival, the Veneralia, was celebrated on April 1 in honor of Venus Verticordia, who later became the protector against vice. On April 23 a festival, the Vinalia Priora, celebrated the opening of one of her temples.
Vulcan
God of smiths and metal-workers. Closely associated with Bona Dea with whom he shared the Volcanalia, observed on August 23.
Vesta Goddess of the home. Her chief festival was the Vestalia on June 7. She is one of the most worshipped of the Roman deities.
Pluto
God of death and the Underworld
FIRST GAME
Just tell us what do these people want?
The funniest and most attractive wins.
You have 3 minutes to prepare then write them on a piece of paper.
SECOND AND LAST GAME
Crossword
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