Revision E9-3(TP)

DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH
I. REPORTED SPEECH (câu nói thường)Example:
Direct speech
Reported speech

Hoa said, “I am happy.”
Hoa said (that) she was happy.

1.Changes in tense
Direct speech
Reported speech

Present simple
He said, “I study hard.”
Past simple
He said (that) he studied hard.

Present progressive
He said, “I am studying hard.”
Past progressive
He said (that) he was studying hard.

Past simple
He said, “I studied hard.”
Past simple/ Past perfect*
He said (that) he studied hard./
he had studied hard.*

Past progressive
He said, “I was studying hard.”
Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive*
He said (that) he was studying hard.
/he had been studying hard *

Present perfect
He said, “I have studied hard.”
Past perfect
He said (that) he had studied hard.

Simple future
He said, “I will study hard.”
Would + infinitive
He said (that) he would study hard.



Notes:
“may,can” is changed into “might,could” in Reported speech
Ex; (Direct speech) - Nam said , “I can play the piano.”
(Reported speech) - Nam said (that )he could play the piano.”
“would ,could,should,ought to or might” is not changed in Reported speech
Ex: (Direct speech) - Lan said, “ I should tidy my room.”
(Reported speech) - Lan said( that )she should tidy her room.
“must” is unchanged or to be “had to”
Ex: (Direct speech) - John said, “ I must do the exercises.”
(Reported speech) - John said ( that ) he must do the exercises.
- John said ( that ) he had to do the exercises.
2.Changes in pronouns,possessive pronouns and adverbs
a. Pronouns, possessive pronouns are changed in Reported speech.
Ex: (Direct speech) - Mrs Xuan said, “ I enjoy my day .”
(Reported speech) - Mrs Xuan said (that) she enjoyed her day.
b.Some adverbs are changed in reported speech .


Direct speech

Reported peech




TIME



now
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
last night/ week
ago
on / next Monday
then/ immediately
that day
that night
the next / following day
the day before/the previous day
the night/ week before
before/earlier
the following Monday

PLACE

here
there

DEMONSTRATIVE
HEADS

this
that
that
those


Ex: (Direct speech) -Tom said, “ I have to go now.”
(Reported speech) -Tom said (that) he had to go then.”
II. REPORTED SPEECH IN QUESTION FORMS. (câu hỏi)
1. Reported speech in “WH question”
Ex 1: (Direct speech) - He asked me, “ What do you know about Malaysia?”
(Reported speech) - He asked me what I knew about Malaysia.
Ex 2: (Direct speech) - Mr Hoang asked me, “What is your name?”
(Reported speech) - Mr Hoang asked me what my name was.
2.Reported speech in “Yes / No question”
Ex1: (Direct speech) -Mrs Parker asked me, “Are you Vietnamese?”
(Reported speech) -Mrs Parker asked me if/ whether I was Vietnamese.
III .COMMANDS IN REPORTED SPEECH. ( câu mệnh lệnh )
Commands in reported speech are in the form:


Subject
told
asked
requested
begged
odered


object


(not) to infintive


..........

Ex1: (Direct speech) -He said to me, “Can you post this letter for me?”
(Reported speech) -He asked me to post the letter for him.

Ex2: (Direct speech) -The doctor said to me, “ Stay in bed for a few days.”
(Reported speech) -The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.”*.Change the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1. He said to me, “ I can’t do this test”
-> He said to me ……………………………………………………………
2. They said to him, “ We are learning English now”
-> They told him…………………………………………………………….
3. She said to me, “ I will go to China next week”
-> She said to