REPOSTED SPEECH - LÍ THUYẾT - BÀI TẬP - ĐÁP ÁN

Reported speech
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, để đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
a. Ngôi:
- Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT (I, me, my, mine &We, us ,our(s)) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Đổi ngôi thứ HAI (you , your(s)) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA( he, him, his, she, her(s), it(s), they, them, their(s) ) không đổi
b. Thì và các trạng ngữ:

CÂU TRỰC TIẾP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
PRESENT SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS ( S + was/were + V-ing)

PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT (S + had + P.P)

PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(S + had + been + v-ing)

Will / shall + bare inf
Would / should + bare inf

Must + bare inf
Had to + bare inf

Is / am/ are going to
Was / were going to

Can / May
Could / Might

This / these
That / those

Now
Then

Here
There

Ago
Before

The day after tomorrow
In 2 days` time

The day before yesterday
2 days before

Today / tonight
That day / that night

Tomorrow
The day after / the following day / the next day

Yesterday
The day before / the previous day

Last night / month / week / year
The night / month / week / year before.


I. Commands: Câu mệnh lệnh





Ex1: “Please give this book to him tomorrow”. I said to Lan
→ I told Lan to give that book to him the following day.
Ex2: The teacher said “Nam, don’t put your leg on the chair.”
→ The teacher asked Nam not to put his leg on the chair.


Câu đề nghị ai đó giúp làm việc gì 1 cách lịch sự:
“ Would you mind + V-ing ...........?”
Would
Will
Can
Could



Ex: “Could you please show me the way to the market ?” The stranger said to the boy.
→ The stranger told / asked the boy to show him / her the way to the market.

II. Statements: Câu phát biểu:




Ex1: Miss. Hoa said: “You should improve your English pronunciation, Lien”
→ Miss Hoa told Lien (that) she should improve her English pronunciation.
Ex2: “ I did my homework yesterday” Minh said.
→ Minh said he had done his homework the day before.
Ex3: "Linh is repairing your bike now” I said to Lan.
→ I told Lan (that) Linh was repairing her bike then.

III. Questions: Câu hỏi
1. WH – questions:
Ex: “ What are you doing now ?” I asked her.
I asked her what she was doing then.
2. Yes – No questions:


S + +


Ex: “Do you like classical music, Nam ?” Miss Hoa asked.
→ Miss Hoa asked Nam if he liked classical music.

IV. Những trường hợp không thay đổi thì của động từ:
a. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ex: She says to me: "I like classical music".
→ She tells me she likes classical music.
b. Nếu câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3
Ex: "If the weather were fine, we could go camping", Peter said.
→ Peter said if the weather were fine, they could go camping.
c. Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có các trợ động từ: should, would, could, ought to, might, used to, had better
Ex: "You should practice speaking English every day" the teacher said to Mai.
→ The teacher said that Mai should practice speaking English every day.
d. Thì quá khứ giả định (past subjunctive) vẫn giữ nguyên sau: (I) wish ..., would rather ..., It’s time...
Ex: She said “I wish I had a lot of books.”
→ She told me she wished she had a lot of books.
e. Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 chân lí