Reported speech- AV12

REPORTED SPEECH
(CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
Monday, July 21st 2008
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA:
Reported speech là thuật lại lời của một người với nội dung không đổi nhưng ngữ liệu có thể thay đổi

Tom says: “ I am hungry”
Tom says that he is hungry
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Reporting verb
II.CÁCH ĐỔI:
a. Khi reporting verb ở hiện tại ta chỉ đổi một yếu tố (pronouns : đại từ )
-Ngôi thứ nhất ( I, we, me, us , my, our , myself,
ourselves ) đổi theo người nói
Ex:
1. He says to me: “ I spent all my money ”
He tells me that he spent all his money
2. She says : “ I have cut myself”
She says that she has cut herself
-Ngôi thứ hai ( you, your, yours , yourself) đổi theo người nghe
Ex:
1. He says to her: “ you look very nice”
He tells her that she looks very nice
2. He says to her : “ i will give you a gift”
He tells her that he will give her a gift
3. She speaks to me: “ I want to borrow your pen”
She tells me that she wants to borrow my pen
-Ngôi thứ ba (he, she , it , they …) giữ nguyên
Ex:
1.My mother says:“He wants to marry his girlfriend”
My mother says that he wants to marry his girlfriend
2. He says : “ They asked her for some money”
He says that they asked her for some money
b. Khi reporting verb ở quá khứ ta đổi 3 yếu tố : pronouns, verb tenses , adverbs
Ex:
1. Tom said: “ I am hungry”
Tom said that he was hungry
2. Mary said to me: “ I am broke”
Mary told me that she was broke
- Quy tắc lùi thì
Simple present → past simple
Present progressive → past progressive
Present perfect →past perfect
Past simple →past perfect
Past progressive →past perfect progressive
Will → would
Can → could
- Cách đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Now → then
Today → that day
Yesterday → the day before / the previous day
Last (month) → the (month) before / the previous (month) …)
tomorrow → the following day / the next day/ the day after
Next (month ) → the following month / the next month / the month after


This → that
These → those
Here → there
Yesterday (morning) → the (morning) before / the previous (morning )
Two days ago → two days before
Tomorrow (morning) → the following (morning) / the (morning) after
III. ĐỔI CÁC LOẠI CÂU:
STATEMENTS : CÂU KỂ
(b) I said to her : “ I have something to show you”
I told her that I had something to show her
The boy said : “ I have a German lesson
this afternoon”
The boy said that he had a German lesson
that afternoon
said
told + O


+
that
+
S
+
V lùi thì
+
S
2. IMPERATIVE(CÂU MỆNH LỆNH)
(a)The teacher said: “Go to the blackboard ,John”
The teacher told John to go to the blackboard
2.1 affirmative imperative
(b)She said to her friend:”play the piano, please”
She asked her friend to play the piano
told
asked
O
V-to
S
+
+
+
(bảo, yêu cầu)
2.2 negative imperative:
(a) He said to his classmate: “Don’t close this door”
He asked his classmate not to close that door
(b) The teacher said to his student: “Don’t be late tomorrow”
The teacher told his student not to be late
the following day
told
asked
O
NOT
V-to
S
+
+
+
+
(bảo, yêu cầu)
(đừng )
NOTE:
Các động từ thường được dùng trong cấu trúc này là: tell, ask, order, command ,advise , encourage, remind, warn
REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUNDS
“It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you
Tom thanked me for helping him
Note:
Thank someone for(doing) something :
cám ơn ai về điều gì
-Congratulate s.one on (doing) st :
chúc mừng ai về điều gì
-insist on (doing) st : khăng khăng làm việc gì
-apologize to s.one for (doing ) st : xin lỗi ai về
việc gì
-Accuse s.one of (doing) st : kết tội ai về việc gì
-dream of (doing) st : mơ làm việc gì
-Warn s.one against (doing) st /
warn s.one not to do st :
cảnh báo ai đừng làm gì
- Prevent s.one from (doing) st : ngăn cản không cho ai làm gì
Task1: Transformation
“Congratulation! You’ve got engaged ,Paula” I said
I congratulated …
“You damaged my new CD ,”Mary said to me
Mary accused ….
“Let me pay for the meal,” Ben said to me
Ben insisted ….
“How about meeting in front of the cinema?”
Pat suggested …
Paula on having got engaged
me of damaging her new CD
on paying for the meal
meeting in front of the cinema
Task 2:
“we’ll come back again”
They promised …
“you had better not swim too far from the shore” the lifeguard said to us
The lifeguard advised …
“could you close the window?” John said to Peter
John asked …
“you should join the football team, Eric”said the teacher
The teacher encouraged …
“I’ll give it to him tomorrow” John said
John promised …
“I’d like Lan to become a doctor,”my mum said
My mum wanted …
“remember to lock the door before going to school,”my sister said
My sister reminded …
“you should go home and rest for a while,”said the boss
His boss advised ….
Task 3: statement
“I am going to Ho Chi Minh soon,”
She said …
“Ann has written Jim a letter,”
Rick told me …
“the film will be interesting,”
I thought …
“I like your coat, I’m looking for one like that myself”
She told me ..
“you must be home by 9 o’clock”
She said …
“John left here an hour ago”
She told me …
“Jim’s arriving at our house tomorrow”
She told me …