Reported speech

Part E. Reported speech (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – GIÁN TIẾP)
Theory - Lý thuyết. - Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nào đó nói.
Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
Thay đổi thì của động từ.
Trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Gián tiếp (Reported speech)

HTĐ ( is/are/ am)
QKĐ (was/were)

HTTD ( is/are/am + V- ing)
QKTD(was/were + V- ing)

TLĐ ( Will )
TL trong QK ( Would )

Can
Could / be able to

Shall
Should

Must
Had to / would have to

Have to
Had to

Will
Would

Thay đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu.
Ngôi thứ nhất: (I,we, me, mine,us,our) được đổi sang ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It,They, him/ her, his/ hers, its, their, them) phù hợp.
*eg: Jane said,” I live in the suburbs”
( Jane said that she lived in the suburbs.
- Ngôi thứ hai ( You, your, yours ) được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tường thuật.
*eg: He said to me,” You can take my book”
( He said me that I could take his book.
Ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, him, his, her ,them ,their) giữ nguyên( không đổi).
*eg: Mary says,” They come to help the pupils.”
( Mary said that they came to help the pupils.
3.Trạng từ chỉ thời gian .
Trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Gián tiếp (Reported speech)

now
then

ago
before

today
that day

tonight
that day

tomorrow
the next day/ following day

yesterday
the day before

last week/month/year
the previous week/month/year

next week/month/year
the following week/month/year

*eg: - “I’m going now”. He said
( He said he was going then.
- She said “ I was at Hue yesterday”.
( She said that she had been at Hue the day before.
4.Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Trực tiếp (Direct speech)
Gián tiếp (Reported speech)

here
there

this
that

these
those

*eg:- He said,”Put the books here”
( He told me to put the books there.
- Tom said to me,” I’ll meet you this Friday”
( He told me that he would meet me that Friday.
B. Reported commands
Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu này được bắt đầu bằng động từ: asked, told, ordered…
Eg: -“ Hurry up, Lan”
( He told Lan to hurry up.
- “ Shut the door”
( He ordered them to shut the door.
- “ Don’t leave the room”.
( He told them not to leave the room.
* Công thức: TT:“V + O” => GT: S + told/ordered/asked + to-inf + O
TT“Don’t/ doesn’t + V + O” =>GT: S + asked/told + not + to-inf + O
C. Reported questions.( Câu nghi vấn.)
Yes/ No – questions
Trong lời nói gián tiếp loại câu hỏi này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, wonder …” và theo sau có “if/ whether”.
*eg: - “ Have you seen that film?” he told her
( He asked if she had seen that film.
- “ Will Tom be here tomorrow?.” She told
( She wondered whether Tom would be there the day after.
* Công thức: TT: S + tell / told + “ Do/does/was/will/are/is.. + S + V + O ?”
GT => S + asked/wondered + (O) + If/ whether + S + V(lùi 1 bậc về QK) + O.
2. Wh/H – questions ( who,what, where, why, when,how (much/ many/ long)” trong câu gián tiếp loại câu này được mở đầu bằng các động từ “ ask, require, wonder,..”
* eg: - “ What time does the film begin?.” He asked
( He asked what time the film began.
- “ What will you do tomorrow?” She asked
( She asked what I would do the next day.
* Công thức: TT: