REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech
A. phần lý thuyết
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần chú ý những thay đổi sau đây:
Về đại từ ( chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, sở hữu) và tính từ sở hữu.
Thay đổi về thì của động từ.
Thay đổi về trạng từ (thời gian và nơi chốn).
Quy tắc thay đổi như sau:
Thì động từ:
One tense back

direct
indirect

a. Simple present : S + V (s / es)
b. Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing
c. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
d. Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing
e. Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed
f. P. Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing
g. Must / have to
h. Can / May / Will / Shall
a. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
b. Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing
c. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
d. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing
e. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
f. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing
g. Had to
h. Could / Might / Would / Should


Trạng từ:

direct
indirect

- yesterday
- last night
- two years ago
- today
- tonight
- tomorrow
- next year
- this
- these
- here
- now
- the previous day/ the day before
- the previous night/the night before
- two years before
- that day
- that night
- the / next/ following day/
- the following year/ the next year
- that
- those
- there
- then



Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu:
Phụ thuộc vào người tường thuật
Eg: “I will give you a lift to your home, Ba ” Nga said.
→ Nga said to me that she would give me a lift to my home
→ Nga said to Ba that she would give him a lift to his home
Các loại câu gián tiếp:
A. STATEMENTS
Ex 1: “ She is going to America for six months”
( They say ( that) she is going to America for six months
“ I went home early”
( She told me she had gone home early
Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say)( động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật không có sự thay đổi về thì
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told) ( thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì.
B. QUESTIONS
1. YES / NO questions
Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “. ( She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.
He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“( He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before
2. WH – QUESTIONS
Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?” ( He asked (me) what I had got in my bag
He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “ ( He asked Mary when the next train was
C. IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)
1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)
Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me ( The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days
2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định)
Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me ( He asked me not to wait
“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son ( She told her son never to do that
Cách dùng khác:
1. Let’s + V0 …. // Why don’t we + V1 ….. // What about + Ving ….
→ S + suggested + Ving ……
Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink.
Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic.
2. Why don’t you + V1 ………. ? // S + should + V0 …………..
→ S + advised + O + to + V0
Ex: She said to him, “