REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH (Câutườngthuật)
Câugiántiếplàcâudùngđểthuậtlạinội dung củalờinóitrựctiếp.
Nếuđộngtừcủamệnhđềtườngthuậtdùng ở thìhiệntạithìkhiđổi sang câugiántiếp ta chỉđổingôi; khôngđổithìcủađộngtừvàtrạngtừ.
Nếuđộngtừcủamệnhđềtườngthuậtdùng ở thìquákhứthìkhichuyển sang câugiántiếp ta đổingôi, thìcủađộngtừ, trạngtừchỉthờigianvànơichốn.
I. Thayđổingôi (Đạitừnhânxưng, ĐạitừsởhữuvàTínhtừsởhữu)
1. Ngôithứnhất: dựavàochủtừcủamệnhđềtườngthuật; thườngđổi sang ngôithứba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
2. Ngôithứhai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩacủacâuvàđổichophùhợp, thườngđổidựavàotúctừcủamệnhđềtườngthuật
3. Ngôithứba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữnguyên, khôngđổi
II. Thayđổivềthìtrongcâu:
DIRECT
INDIRECT

Simple present - V1 /Vs(es)
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P
Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing
Simple past – V2 / -ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Simple future – will + V1
Future progressive will be + V-ing
Simple past – V2 / V-ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing
Future in the past - would + V1
Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing


III. Thayđổicáctrạngtừchỉthờigianvànơichốn:
DIRECT
INDIRECT

Now
Here
This
These
Today
Tonight
Yesterday
Last year
Tomorrow
Next month
Ago
Then
There
That
Those
That day
That night
The day before / the previous day
The year before / the previous year
The following day / the next day / the day after
The following month / the next month / the month after
Before


BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ
Subject
Object
Adjective possessive

I
You
He
She
It
We
They
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
My
your
his
her
its
our
their


CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
1. Câumệnhlệnh, câuđềnghị
- Mệnhlệnhkhẳngđịnh:
Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her ------------------------------------
- Mệnhlệnhphủđịnh:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher -------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Câutrầnthuật
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------------
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ Shetold me (that) -------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Câuhỏi
Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary --------------------------------
“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan -------------------------------------------------
Wh – question
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ Heasked me -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. advise SO (not) to do sth: (khuyenainen lam/ khongnen lam viecgi)
* The doctor advised the patient to take those pills.
* Teacher usually advises his/her students not to smoke.
2. apologise (to SO) for doing/ having done sth: ( xinloiaivì da lam gi)
* She apologized (to her boss) for being late yesterday.
3. ask/ tell sO (not) to do sth: ( yeucau, sai, baoai lam/ khong lam gi)
* My parents asked me to study hard.
* Jason told us (not) to shut the door.
4. command/ order sO to do sth: ( ralenhchoaiphai lam gi)
* The officer commanded/ ordered his men to fire.