Reported speech

We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech. Today, we will learn about reported speech.
REPORTED SPEECH
Class: 10 english
Nguyen Hue highschool
I, TENSE
1, Changes: Verbs used in direct speech often change their tense in reported speech, especially when the" reporting" verb in the past ( Back one tense)

Eg: " I`ll put the letters in the post", said he
=> He said he would put the letters in the post.

Some verbs tenses used in direct speech do not change in reported speech. The" reporting" verb is often in the present tense.
Reporting a present state of affairs
Eg: " The cost of living here is high"
=> The reporter says /said that the cost of living here is high.
Reporting things which are always true
Eg: " It`s always cold at this time of year"
=> He says it`s always cold at this time of year.
- Reporting something which we believe/ someone believes will happen.
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They are the modal structures: Would, could, might, ought to, should,
Eg: She said," You might be mistaken"
=> She said that he might be mistaken
Conditional type 2,
Structures: Would rather, as time, as if, as though, it`s time
Eg: "I wish he were here now"
=> She wished he were there then.
" I`d rather we ate out"
=> She`d rather they ate out.

II,TIME
Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening) =› that (evening)
today =› yesterday ...
these (days) =› those (days)
now =›then
(a week) ago =› (a week) before
last weekend =› the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here =› there
next (week) =› the following (week)
tomorrow =› the next/following day
Example
1,“By the end of next week, we will have done all of our homework”,my friend said.
=>My friend said by the end of the following week, we would have done all of our homework.
2, “Last year, our company lost a lot of money”,the director said.
=>The director said their company had lost a lot of money the previous year.


III, SPECIAL REPORTED SPEECH
1, Yes/No question:

S + asked (sb) + if/whether + S + V

Eg;”Have you ever been to Europe before?” , my friend asked me.
=> My friend asked me if I had ever been to Europe before.
2, Wh question:
S + asked + Wh… + S + V…

Eg:”How many books did you buy yesterday?”,my mother asked my sister.
=> My mother asked my sister how many books she had bought the previous day.
3, Advice:
S + should/had better/ought to/be supposed + V
or If I were you/ I would + V/ Why don’t you

=> S + advised (sb) + to do smt

Eg: “ You should clean your room tomorrow”,my mother said.
My mother advised me to clean my room the following day




4, Suggestion:
Let’s/why don’t we/shall we + V
or What/ how about + Ving

S + suggested (that) + S + should + V

Eg: “ Why don’t we tell her the truth?”, he said.
=> He suggested telling her the truth.
5, Request/Order:
Could you/ Will you/ Can you + V
or V +…

=> S + asked sb + (not) to do smt

Eg: “ Could you close the door ?”, he said to me.
He asked me to close the door.
7, Exclaimation :
S + exclaimed + that + S + V

Eg: ”How inteligent he is!”,she said.
=>She exclaimed that he was inteligent.
6, Greeting:

S + said “ Hello/Good….” + to smb

Eg: “ Good morning,how are you”,he said to me.
=>He said “good morning” to me and asked how I was.

8, Offer :
S + offered + to do smt

Eg: “Shall I take off your coat?”,I said to her.
I offered to take off her coat.

9,Apology:
To be sorry for smt

=> S + apologized for doing smt

Eg: " I am sorry for being late"
=> He apologized for being late
10, Invitation :
- Would you like smt
- Have smt - Will you have smt
- Would you like to do smt
- Could you do smt

=> S + invited smb + to do smt
offered smb smt

Eg: "Would you like a cigarette"
=> He offered me a cigarette

11,Thanks:
Eg:
" Happy new year"
=> She wished me a happy new year.
" Congratulation!"
=> He congratulated me on passing the exam
Exercises:
1. “ Don’t be late again!” she said.
A. She promised me not to be late again.
B. She said me not to be late again.
C. She asked me not to be late again.
D. She agreed not to be late again.

2. “ If I were you, I would help him,” he said.
A. He said me to help him.
B. He wanted to help him
C. He advised me to help him.
D. He promised to help him .
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3. “ Did they tell you when they left?” she said to me.
A. She asked me if they told me when they left.
B. She asked me if they told me when they had left.
C. She asked me if they had told me when they left.
D. She asked me if they had told me when they had left