RELATIVES

Topic
RELATIVE CLAUSES
General rule:


Người
Vật

Subject
WHO / THAT
WHICH/ THAT

Object
WHOM/ THAT
WHICH/ THAT

Possessive adjective
WHOSE
WHOSE/ OF WHICH


who:
We meet the man. He is a professor =>We meet the man who is a professor
S S
whom:
She talked to the boy. We met him in the zoo.
O
=>She talked to the boy whom we met in the zoo.
O
which
He shouted at the dog. It barked loudly.=> He shouted at the dog which barked loudly.
S
The dog barked loudly. He called it.=> The dog which he called barked loudly.
O
whose + N: thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (his / her / their ..)
The teacher was angry. The students didn’t pay attention to his lesson.
.=>The teacher whose lesson the students didn’t pay attention to was angry.
Do you know the woman? Her son has lost.
.=> Do you know the woman whose son has lost?
That: thay thế cho: Who, whom, which… (that không thay thế trong mđqh không xác định hoặc giới từ) That có thể thay who khi trước who là all, everyone, no one, nobody, those.
Ex: - Nobody who/that knew her likes her.
The girl won the championship. She was really talented.
The girl that (= who) was really talented won the championship.
of which:
We should throw away the table. The leg of the table was broken.
=>We should throw away the table the leg of which / of which the leg was broken. whose leg
where: thay cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc “there”
* N (place) + where + clause
a) This is the town. I was born in the town.
Adv of place
This is the town in which I was born.
This is the town where I was born.
b) Do you know the village? He lived there.
Do you know the village where he lived?
when: thay thế cho cụm danh từ chỉ thời giai hoặc “then” (giới từ + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” )khi nói về thời gian
Ex: You can visit me on Sundays. I am usually free on Sundays.
( You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free .
( You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free .
National day is the day. Our nation was completely liberated on that day.
National day is the day when our nation was completely liberated.
why : thay thế cho cụm từ “ for the reason”
Does he know the reason? He left for that reason.
Does he know the reason why he left?
It’s _______ that / who + clause: chính là (cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)
a) Peter must clean the window
It’s Peter who / that must clean the window.
b) Your dog bit the old man.
It was your dog that bit the old man. (không dùng which trong trường hợp này
c) They were captured because he was incompetent
It was because he was incompetent that they were captured.
B. Defining relative clauses and Non-defining relative clauses
(Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định và mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định)
I. Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định )
Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định là mệnh đề dùng để làm rõ danh từ …đứng trớc nó theo một cách nào đó để phân biệt danh từ … đó với danh từ…khác cùng loại, nhất thiết phải có mệnh đề hạn định trong câu.
II. Non-defining relative clauses. (Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định )
Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định được đặt sau những danh từ …xác định rồi. Bởi vậy những mệnh đề này không xác định danh từ … đứng trớc mà chỉ nói thêm một điều gì đó về danh từ …bằng cách cung cấp thêm một số thông tin về nó.
Loại mệnh đ