Relative pronoun

Tea:
period :
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES and TO_INFINITIVES OR
OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Week:
Period:


I. Mệnh đề tính từ được rút gọn thành cụm phân từ:
Điều kiện cần để rút gọn từ mệnh đề tính từ sang cụm phân từ bắt đầu bằng present participle (V_ing) hay past participle (V_ed/3) là đại từ quan hệ Who, Which, that trong câu phải ở vị trí chủ từ.
1. Present participle (V_ing): (Khi mệnh đề tính ngữ ở thể chủ động )
Ex: + The couple who are living in room 102 are both professors
→ The couple living in room 102 are both professors
Ex: + The man who has told us about the story knows all the details.
→ The man having told us about the story knows all the details.
2. Past participle (V_ed/3) (Khi mệnh đề tính ngữ ở thể bị động )
Ex: + The instructions that are given on the front page are very imporrtant.
→ The instructions given on the front page are very imporrtant.
II. Mệnh đề tính từ được rút gọn thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
1. Đại từ quan hệ theo sau các từ: the first, the second, …the only…
Ex: + Paul was the last person that got the news.
→ Paul was the last person to get the news.
Ex: + Sally was the second person who were considered for that job
→ Sally was the second person to be considered for that job
2. Đại từ quan hệ theo sau hình thức so sánh cực cấp:
Ex: + He was the best player that got the prize. (làm chức năng chủ ngữ)
→ He was the best player to get the prize.
Ex: + He was the best player that we admired. (làm chức năng tân ngữ)
→ He was the best player to be admired.
3. Khi mệnh đề tính từ diễn tả: Sự cần thiết/ nhiệm vụ phải thực hiện/ mục đích/ sự cho phép.
a. Hai mệnh đề cùng chủ từ:
Ex: + He has some homework that he must do
= He has some homework to do
Ex: + They need a large yard in which they can dry rice.
= They need a large yard to dry rice in.
b. Hai mệnh đề khác chủ từ:
Ex: + He finds a house with a yard which his children can play in.
= He finds a house with a yard for his children to play in
+ Here are some accounts that you must check
= Here are some accounts for you to check
* Exercises:
Part 1: Replace the clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrases.
We had a river in which we could swim.
The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
I don’t much care for cooking for myself; if I had a family that I have to cook for I`d be more interested.
Here are some accounts that you must check.
I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.
I have some letters that I must write.
I don’t want to go alone and I haven’t anyone that I can go with.
I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
We had to eat standing up because we hadn’t anything that we could sit on, and the grass was too wet.
The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with.
My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.
She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to show whom she could send cards.
Part 2: Replace the clauses by infinitives.
He was the first man who left the burning building.
You are the last person who saw her alive.
My brother was the only one who realized the danger.
The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.
He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde.
The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
I was the only person who saw the difficulty.
He was the second man who was killed in this way.
Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.
The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable